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History Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5 characteristics of a Civilization | Advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping and advanced technology. |
| Paleontologist | Study fossil evidence of early life preserved in rocks. They use complex technics to date ancient fossil remains and rocks |
| Anthropologist | Study culture or a people’s unique way of life. They examine the artifacts at archaeologist digs and based on these they're-create a picture of early peoples cultural behavior |
| Barter economy | System where goods and services are traded for other goods without using money or coins. |
| Tigris & Euphrates | Rivers that flow southeastward to the Persian Gulf, through Mesopotamia. Yearly floodings of these rivers created silt which was excellent for farming. |
| Dynasty | Series of rulers from a single family |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | Long poem with many Mesopotamia myths and stories |
| Babylonian Empire | Started in 2000 B.C. when Amorties invaded Mesopotamia and made their capital Babylonia. It’s peak was from 1792 B.C. to 1750 B.C. |
| Egypt | Civilization located on the nile with great technology achievements |
| Theocracy | Type of government in which rule is based on religious authorities |
| Papyrus | Were Egyptians wrote their writings. They would cut the reeds and place them crosswise on each other. Then damp them and when they dried the plants sap would make sure they stick together |
| Yellow and Yangtze | Rivers flowing through china. Yellow flows in the north while Yangtze east to the yellow sea. Yellow river supplies the civilization with yellow silt called loess. |
| Primary/Secondary Sources | Primary source is direct evidence or information about a concept in investigation. Secondary source is about a specific topic but is not a first-hand source. |
| Monotheism | The doctrine or belief that there is only one God. |
| Prehistory | Dates back to about 5,000 years, when people didn’t record their activities or culture since they didn’t have the invention of writing. |
| Guns, Germs, and Steel | Documentary about Jared Diamond who is trying to figure out why some civilizations have advanced so much while others haven’t |
| Caste System | Social classes that divided people in India into fixed classes based on occupation. |
| Darius | Was Cambyses successor and ruled from 522-486 B.C.E. He expanded the empire to 2,500 miles and to control this much area he divided it into 20 provinces(each being ruled by a satrap). Also installed the royal road, which was used as transportation and tra |
| Scribes | Highly educated individuals who wrote down everything from farming and religion to everyday life. |
| Cyrus | Ruled from 550- 530 B.C.E. and was a military genius. He conquered much land but respected the customs and religions of the land he conquered and even allowed jews to return to their homeland after being exiled. |
| Specialization | The development of skill in a specific kind of work. |
| Historian | Someone who studies and interprets the past |
| Cuneiform | Was the worlds first system of writing created in Mesopotamia |
| Fertile crescent | Name scholars called area of Mesopotamia because of its curved shape and richness of its land |
| Zoroastrianism | Was a religion taught by Zoroastrian thats taught that earth is a battleground between the struggle of good and evil. A god Ahura Mazda judged everyone based on how much they fought in the battle for good. |
| Cultural diffusion | Spread of cultural elements from one civilization to another. Some cultures might adopt something from another culture. |
| Hanging gardens | Chaldean king named Nebuchadnezzar build these for one of his wives who missed the floral shrubs of her mountain homeland |
| hammurabi | King of mesopotamia who established the babylonian empire and put together laws to keep his empire togheter |
| Nile | Longest river in the world, streching through egypt. Supplied egypt with rich soil and seasonal flooding. |
| Pyramid | Immense structure where they placed dead kings as a resting place for them |
| Indus & Ganges | Rivers that flow through india. These were important links from the interior of the subcontinent to the sea. Farming is possible in areas directly watered by the Indus. |
| Oracle Bones | Animal bones used to communicate with the gods in Chinese culture |
| B.C., A.D., B.C.E.,C.E. | B.C. = Before Christ A.D. = Anno Domini B.C.E. = Before Common Era C.E. = Common Era |
| Mandate of Heaven | Means that a just ruler had divine approval |
| Kingdom | A country, state, or territory, ruled by a king |
| Hunter-Gatherer | Way people lived. Their food supply depended on hunting animals collecting plants. This was not a reliable income of food. |
| Nineveh | Assyria’s capital along the Tigris River |
| Middle Kingdom | Lasted from 2040-1640 B.C.E. in Egypt. During this period they restored law and order, improved trade, and created new farmland. |
| Domestication | The taming of animals |
| Neolithic Revolution | Known as the Agricultural revolution which marked the shift of nomadic bands of hunter gatherers to large settled communities. |
| Artisans | Skilled workers who make goods by hand |
| Archeologists | Specialized trained scientists who work detective to uncover the story of prehistoric people |
| Ziggurat | The middle of a walled temple in the center of all Sumerians cities in Mesopotamia |
| Mesopotamia | A place with fertile land which allowed a civilization to grow and develop. |
| City-States | Functioned a lot like an independent country would today |
| Polytheism | The belief and worship of more than one god |
| Akkadian Empire | Was the worlds first empire created by Sargon. At its height, it controlled land from the mediterranean coast in the west to present day iran in the east. Lasted 200 years. |
| Hammurabi’s Code | Set of rules, judgements, and laws that had punishments based of what a person from a specific social class has done.Copies on these were placed all over the empire. |
| Pharaohs | Egyptian god-kings and were thought to be almost as splendid and powerful as the gods of the heavens. |
| Hieroglyphics | Flexible writing system invented by the egyptians were a picture stood for an idea or sounds. |
| China | Isolataed civilizations that lay between the yellow sea, east china sea, and pacific ocean. |
| Dynastic Cycle | Pattern of rise, decline and replacement in chinese dynasties. |
| Humanities | Study aspect of human society and culture |
| Satrap | Governor who ruled one of the 20 provinces of the persian empire. He ruled locally. |
| Persians | One of the greatest empires of all time with large cities and advancements in technology |
| Feudalism | Politicle system in which nobles are granted the use of land that legally belonged to the king. |
| Warring states | Lords gained more power as the Zhou rule weakened around 771 B.C. Lords then became the king of their own territory and would often fight with neighboring states creating war |
| Nomadic vs. Settled living | Nomadic living was moving from place to place to search for food while settled living included a steady source of food and allowing them to stay in one place. |
| Sumerians | People of southern Mesopotamia |
| Shang | Shang: Ruled from about 1600 to 1046 BCE and is known as the bronze age. Military improved with chariots and so did technology with a calender. |
| Zhou | Ruled from 1046-256 BCE. During this period they excepted the concept of Mandate Heaven and advanced in technology. |
Created by:
28leigenmann
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