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Mesopotamia
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Archeologist | Studies artifacts: objects made or used by people in the past. clothing, tools, weapons, and coins |
| Geographer | Studies natural features and human made features of the earth. bodies of water, mountains, caves, plants, and animals |
| Historian | Studies diaries, letters and written records. diaries, cuneiform, pictographs and letters |
| PRIMARY SOURCE | First hand historical documents created during the time period of an event in history. EX Original documents such as diaries, speeches, letters, interviews, autobiographies. |
| SECONDARY SOURCE | A description of events written after they occurred. textbooks, dictionaries, biographies, movies |
| Definition of Mesopotamia | land between the rivers |
| +Fertile Crescent location | starts at the Mediterranean Sea, curves around the Syrian Desert, ends at the Persian Gulf |
| Mespotamia geographic features | Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, mountains, sea, desert |
| Why is Mesopotamia Valuable | fertile land (produces a surplus of crops). desert and mountains provide protection. river: irrigate crops, fishing, trade/travel, drinking water |
| The Twin Rivers | 1) Tigris River 2) Euphrates River |
| Why were Twin Rivers Important? | trade/travel fishing drinking water irrigating crops |
| What is the problem with hunting and gathering? | Not a reliable source of food People were constantly moving |
| What did farmers produce and how did it benefit the civilization: | Farmers produced a surplus of crops which allowed other Mesopotamians to have other jobs |
| Problem: Not enough trees to build homes | Solution: Used mud bricks to build homes |
| Problem: Providing enough water to grow a surplus of crops | Solution: Used irrigation canals to bring water from rivers to farmland |
| Problem: Controlling rivers from flooding | Solution: used irrigation canals AND levees to control flooding |
| Problem: Protecting city-state from attacks | Solution: Built a wall around the city-state |
| Who belongs to the upper class/nobles and where did they live? | NOBLES: priests, government officials, advisors to the king Nobles lived in 2-story homes near the ziggurat |
| Who belongs to the middle class/common class? What did they contribute to society? | COMMONERS: traders, fishermen, farmers, craftworkers (blacksmith, canal diggers, mud brick makers) blacksmiths make tools, mud brick makers make bricks for homes/buildings, farmers provide crops |
| Slaves | -can’t own property -live in their owners’ homes -people became slaves if they owed money or prisoners of war |
| Divine Kingship | the belief that a ruler was chosen by the gods |
| Responsibilities of a king | -enforced laws -collected taxes -had temples built -maintained irrigation canals -led the army |
| Sargon of Akkad | Conquered northern Mesopotamia. Established an EMPIRE: different people and places under 1 rule. Allowed people to keep customs and beliefs. Lasted for 200 years. Conquered and became independent city-states |
| Hammurabi of Babylon | Conquered central Mesopotamia. Sent govt officials out to collect taxes to pay for projects: roads, irrigation canals, zigurat. Known for his code of laws: Eye for an Eye. Allowed people to keep customs and beliefs |
| Ashurbanipal of Assyria | Conquered northern Mesopotamia. Empire was successful because of their army: chariots, organized armies, lancers, cavalries. Allowed people to keep their customs and beliefs |
| Levee | built to prevent the overflow of a river |
| Irrigation Canal | A waterway used to (1) distribute water to crops and (2) to control the flooding of a river. |
| City-state | A city with a single ruler that controls the surrounding farmland |
| Walls | A structure built out of mud bricks. Used for protection |
| Why did farmers need to create a stable food supply? | They needed a stable food supply so they could get different jobs. (also for trading and feeding animals) |
| How was government and religion in Ancient Mesopotamia connected? | They are related because they believe the king was chosen by the Gods. (divine kingship) |
| How did farmers create a stable food supply? (two inventions) | plow - helped dig holes in the ground irrigation canals - helped control the rivers; helped bring water to crops |
| Why did the Ancient Mesopotamian’s create a writing system? | They created a writing system to keep records at the marketplace and to communicate laws |
| civilization | A civilization is a group of people that share the same language and culture. |
| fertile | land that is good for planting, produces vegetation and crops |
| surplus | An extra supply |
| barter | The trading of a good for a good, a good for a service or a service for a service. Ex: a sheep for a bag of wheat |
| chariots | a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle used in ancient warfare and racing. |
| plow | A large tool pulled by animals to make holes in the dirt to plant seeds. |
| social mobility | The movement between social classes |
| cuneiform | Writing system (written on clay tabs) |
| wheel | a circular object that revolves |
| empire | different people and places under one rule |
| army | A group of people in a civilization that protect an area |
| Persians | Persians conquered F.C. and did NOT adopt Mesopotamian way of life |
| domesticate | use animals for your own needs (sheep-wool, goats-milk, cheese) |
| scribes | noble who kept written records |
| agriculture | growing crops and domesticating animals |
| ziggurats | The large building in the center of a city-state were the gods are worshiped and the king lived |
| walls | A structure built out of mud bricks. Used for protection |
Created by:
jgeekie
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