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Age of Absolutism
Age of Absolutism terms and VIPs to know.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolutism | A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) |
| Czar/Tsar | an emperor of Russia before 1917. |
| Daimyo | A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai |
| Divine Right | Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god. |
| Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land |
| Mandate of Heaven | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source |
| Westernization | adoption of European and American ideas, technology, and culture |
| Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) | Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe |
| Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) | German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630) |
| Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars |
| Isaac Newton (1642-1727) | English scientist who formulated the law of gravitation that posited a universe operating in accord with natural law. |
| Robert Boyle (1627-1691) | He was one of the first scientists to conduct controlled experiments. His pioneering work on the properties of gases led to Boyle's law, which states that the volume of a gas varies with the pressure exerted on it. |
| Francis Bacon (1561-1626) | English politician and writer. Formalized the empirical method into a general theory of inductive reasoning known as empiricism. |
| Rene Descartes (1596-1650) | French philosopher and mathematician. Used deductive reasoning from self-evident principles to reach scientific laws. |
| Natural Law | rules of conduct discoverable by reason |
| social contract | An agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed |
| censorship | restriction on access to ideas and information |
| salons | gatherings in which intellectual and political ideas were exchanged during the Enlightenment |
| natural rights | the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property |
| Philosophe | French for "philosopher"; applied to all intellectuals during the Enlightenment |
| Laissez-faire | Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs. |
| Baroque | An artistic style of the seventeenth century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements |
| Enlightened Despot | Absolute ruler who used his or her power to bring about political and social change |
Created by:
MrSamuels
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