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med term chapter 5
death pt. 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| angi/o | vessel |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arteri/o | artery |
| arteriol/o | arteriole |
| ather/o | fatty substance |
| atri/o | atrium |
| cardi/o | heart |
| coron/o | heart |
| embol/o | plug |
| fibrin/o | fibers |
| isch/o | to hold back |
| myocardi/o | heart muscle |
| phleb/o | vein |
| sept/o | wall |
| son/o | sound |
| sphygm/o | pulse |
| steth/o | chest |
| tele/o | distant |
| thromb/o | clot |
| valv/o | valve |
| valvul/o | valve |
| varic/o | dilated vein |
| vascul/o | blood vessel |
| vas/o | vessel |
| ven/o | vein |
| ventricul/o | ventricle |
| venul/o | venule |
| -cardia | heart condition |
| -manometer | instrument to measure pressure |
| -ole | small |
| -pressor | to press down |
| -spasm | involuntary muscle contraction |
| -tension | pressure |
| -tonic | pertaining to tone |
| -ule | small |
| di- | two |
| bi/o | life |
| corpor/o | body |
| cutane/o | skin |
| duct/o | to bring |
| electr/o | electricity |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| hem/o | blood |
| lip/o | fat |
| my/o | muscle |
| orth/o | straight |
| pector/o | chest |
| peripher/o | away from center |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| scler/o | hard |
| -ac | pertaining to |
| -al | pertaining to |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| -ary | pertaining to |
| -eal | pertaining to |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -gram | record |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| -ia | condition |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -logy | study of |
| -lytic | destruction |
| -megaly | enlarged |
| -metry | process of measuring |
| -oma | mass |
| -ose | pertaining to |
| -ous | pertaining to |
| -pathy | disease |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| -scope | instrument for viewing |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| -therapy | treatment |
| -tic | pertaining to |
| a- | without |
| anti- | against |
| brady- | slow |
| de- | without |
| endo- | inner |
| extra- | outside of |
| hyper- | excessive |
| hypo- | insufficient |
| inter- | between |
| intra- | within |
| per- | through |
| peri- | around |
| poly- | many |
| pre- | before |
| re- | again |
| tachy- | fast |
| tetra- | four |
| trans- | across |
| ultra- | beyond |
| aortic | pertaining to the aorta |
| arterial | pertaining to an artery |
| arteriolar | pertaining to an arteriole |
| atrial | pertaining to an atrium |
| atrioventricular | pertaining to the atrium and ventricle |
| cardiac | pertaining to the heart |
| coronary | pertaining to the heart |
| corporeal | pertaining to the body |
| interatrial | pertaining to between the atria |
| interventricular | pertaining to between the ventricles |
| myocardial | pertaining to the heart muscle |
| valvular | pertaining to a valve |
| vascular | pertaining to a blood vessel |
| venous | pertaining to a vein |
| ventricular | pertaining to a ventricle |
| venular | pertaining to a venule |
| cardiology | study of cardiovascular system |
| angiitis | inflammation of a vessel |
| angiospasm | involuntary muscle contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessel; narrows vessel |
| angiostenosis | narrowing of a vessel |
| bruit | a harsh, abnormal sound heard during oscillation over an artery |
| embolus | obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot |
| hyperlipidemia | condition of having excessive level of lipids (fats) in the bloodstream |
| infarct | area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply |
| ischemia | local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circulatory obstruction |
| murmur | a sound in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate an abnormality |
| orthostatic hypotension | sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly |
| palpitations | pounding, racing heartbeats |
| plaque | yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery; hallmark of atherosclerosis |
| regurgitation | to flow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through a valve |
| thrombus | blood clot within a blood vessel; may partially or completely occlude blood vessel |
| angina pectoris | severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart; caused by myocardial ischemia |
| cardiac arrest | complete stopping of heart activity |
| cardiac tamponade | pressure on heart as a result of fluid buildup around heart inside pericardial sac |
| cardiomegaly | an abnormally enlarged heart |
| cardiomyopathy | myocardial disease; may be caused by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcohol abuse; common reason for heart transplant |
| congenital septal defect (CSD) | hole, present at birth, in heart septum; allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause angina pectoris and heart attack |
| endocarditis | inflammation of membranes lining the heart; if cause is bacterial, a bacterial colony called vegetation may form |
| heart valve prolapse | cusps are too loose and fail to shut tightly; allows regurgitation |
| heart valve stenosis | cusps are too stiff; unable to shut tightly; allows regurgitation |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | occlusion of coronary artery; results in a myocardial infarct; a heart attack |
| myocarditis | inflammation of heart muscle layer |
| pericarditis | inflammation of pericardial sac |
| tetralogy of Fallot | combination of four congenital anomolies; pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, improper placement of aorta, hypertrophy of right ventricle; requires immediate surgery |
| valvulitis | inflammation of a heart valve |
| arrhythmia | irregularity in heart beat or action |
| bradycardia | condition of having a slow heart rate |
| bundle branch block (BBB) | electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down the bundle of HIS or bundle branches |
| fibrillation | serious arrhythmia characterized by abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers; may result in cardiac arrest |
| flutter | atria beat too rapidly but maintain a regular pattern |
| premature atrial contraction (PAC) | atria contract earlier than they should |
| premature ventricular contraction (PVC) | ventricles contract earlier than they should |
| sinus rhythm | a normal heart rhythm |
| tachycardia | condition of having a fast heart rate |
| aneurysm | weakness and ballooning of arterial wall; commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral arteries |
| arteriorrhexis | a ruptured artery |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; often due to atherosclerosis |
| atheroma | deposit of fatty substance in wall of artery, bulges into and narrows artery; also called a plaque |
| atherosclerosis | most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall |
| coarctation of the aorta (CoA) | severe congenital narrowing of aorta |
| deep vein thrombosis | formation of blood clot in a vein deep in the body |
| hemerrhoid | varicose veins in anal region |
| hypertension (HTN) | high blood pressure; essential or primary hypertension is due to CV disease; secondary hypertension results from another disease |
| hypotension | decrease in blood pressure; may be due to shock or anemia |
| patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) | congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth |
| peripheral vascular disease (PVD) | abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, and blocked circulation |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| polyarteritis | inflammation of several arteries |
| Raynaud's phenomenon | periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities; especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold exposure |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein resulting in blood clots within a vein |
| varicose veins | swollen and distended veins; often in the legs |
| auscultation | listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope |
| sphygmomanometer | blood pressure cuff; measures blood pressure |
| stethoscope | instrument for listening to body sounds |
| cardiac biomarkers | blood test determines level of proteins specific to heart muscles in the blood; an increase may indicate heart muscle damage such as a myocardial infarction |
| lipid panel | blood test to measure amount of lipids (fat) and triglycerides in blood |
| angiography | x-rays taken after injection of opaque dye into blood vessel |
| carotid ultrasonography | process of recording blood flow through the large carotid artery in the neck that carries blood to the brain using high-frequency sound waves |
| digital subtraction angiography | process of recording blood vessels after injection of contrast medium into bloodstream |
| Doppler ultrasonography | using ultrasound to produce an image of blood flowing through blood vessels in order to determine velocity; indicates blood clots or deep vein thromboses |
| echocardiography (ECHO) | use of ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures; especially valves |
| thallium stress test | Nuclear medicine procedure; patient is given thallium (a radioactive element) intravenously and then scanning equipment visualizes blood flow into the heart while exercising or at rest |
| transesophageal echocardiography | Process of recording cardiac structures taken through (across) the esophagus by a swallowed ultrasound device |
| cardiac catheterization | catheter is threaded through blood vessel to heart; detects abnormalities, collects cardiac blood samples, and determines blood pressure inside heart |
| catheter | flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body; may be used to place dye into a vein to view blood vessels |
| electrocardiography | process of recording electrical activity of heart; able to diagnose arrhythmias and myocardial damage |
| Holter monitor | portable ECG monitor worn by patient up to a few days to assess heart activity as person goes through daily activities |
| stress testing | evaluates cardiovascular fitness; patient exercises on treadmill or bicycle with a steadily increasing work load; EKG and oxygen levels are monitored throughout the test |
| automated external defribillator | Portable device that automatically detects life-threatening arrhythmias and delivers appropriate electrical shock |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenated air for a person in cardiac arrest; uses chest compressions and artificial respiration |
| defibrillation | procedure that converts irregular heartbeats, such as fibrillation, using an electric shock |
| sclerotherapy | injection of salt solution to treat varicose veins |
| thrombolytic therapy | use of drugs, such as streptokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator, to dissolve clots and restore blood flow |
| aneurysmectomy | surgical removal of an aneurysm |
| arterial anastomsis | surgical joining of two arteries when an artery is severed or a damaged section is removed |
| atherectomy | surgical removal of an atheroma |
| cardiac ablation | surgical procedure that uses an electrical current to destroy small area of heart tissue that is causing arrythmias |
| coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | blood vessel from another location (often a leg vein) is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery |
| embolectomy | surgical removal of an embolus |
| endarterectomy | surgical removal of diseased or damaged inner lining of artery |
| extracorporeal circulation (ECC) | During open-heart surgery, the routing of blood outside of body to cardiopulmonary bypass machine so it can be oxygenated and pumped back into rest of body |
| heart transplant | replacement of a diseased heart with a donor heart |
| implantable cardioverter-defribrillator (ICD) | Surgical procedure to place an electrical device that delivers electrical shock to heart to restore normal heart rhythm |
| intracoronary artery stent | stent placed within a coronary artery; treats coronary ischemia due to atherosclerosis |
| ligation and stripping | removal of varicose veins; damaged vein is tied off (ligation) and then removed (stripping) |
| pacemaker implantation | Surgical procedure to place an electrical device that substitutes for natural pacemaker of heart |
| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) | balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery; inflated to dilate the narrow blood vessel |
| stent | stainless steel tube placed within blood vessel to widen the lumen |
| valve replacement | removal of diseased valve and replacement with an artificial valve |
| valvoplasty | surgical repair of a heart valve |
| ACE inhibitor drugs | produce vasodilation to decrease blood pressure (Lotensin, Capoten) |
| antiarrhythmic | reduces or prevents cardiac arrhythmias (Tambocor, Corvert) |
| anticoagulant | prevents blood clot formation (warfarin, Coumadin) |
| antilipidemic | reduces blood cholesterol level (Lipitor, Zocor) |
| antiplatelet agents | inhibit ability of platelets to clump together in a blood clot (Plavix, Ticlid) |
| beta-blocker drugs | lowers heart rate to treat hypertension and angina pectoris (Lopressor, Inderal) |
| calcium channel blocker drugs | decreases force of heart beat to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and congestive heart failure (Cardizem, Procardia) |
| cardiotonic | increases force of heart contraction to treat congestive heart failure (Lanoxin) |
| diuretic | increases urine production to reduce plasma volume to lower blood pressure (Lasix) |
| fibrinolytic | dissolves existing blood clot (Activase) |
| vasodilator | relaxes smooth muscle in wall of blood vessel to reduce blood pressure and increase blood flow to ischemic area (Nitro-Dur, Apresoline) |
| vasopressor | contracts smooth muscle in wall of blood vessel to raise blood pressure (Vasostrict) |
Created by:
addisonmessick04
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