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civ 201 module 1
ugh just study
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agrarian-Urban Society | a society characterized by intensive agriculture and people living in cities, towns, and villages |
| Pulses | the edible seeds of pod-bearing plants (THINK: FERTILE CRESCENT) |
| Sharecroppers | farmers who received seed, animals, and tools from landowners in exchange for up to ⅔ of their harvests and access to land |
| City, City-State | A place with a population of more than 5,000, with non-farming inhabitants (craftspeople, merchants, administrators), markets, and a city leader capable of compelling obedience to his decisions by force; city-state if surrounding villages included |
| Kingdom | a politically organized community or major territorial unit having a monarchical form of government headed by a king or queen |
| Bronze | alloy of copper and arsenic or tin; used to make tools/weapons and brought about the Bronze Age |
| Cuneiform | script developed by Sumerians; involved wedge shapes written on clay tablets |
| Empire | large multiethnic, multilinguistic, multireligious state consisting of a conquering kingdom and several defeated kingdoms |
| Ma’at | Egyptian goddess; represented truth, balance, order, justice, morality; Egyptians strove to maintain this |
| Hieroglyphs | pictograph writing system developed by the Egyptians; language of the gods; used for royal inscriptions |
| Alphabet | writing system where letters represent a spoken consonant; first developed by Phoenicians |
| Monsoon | winds that come in a seasonal cycle; help with agriculture (Southeast Asia); brings rainfall in the summer and dry air in the winter |
| Lapis Lazuli | a bright blue rock that was associated with wealth; beads used for jewelry (HARAPPA MADE IT) |
| Cesspit | deep holes or trenches used to deposit human waste and refuse (Harappa - flushed them with water into city sewers and drains; ultimately led to adjacent river) |
| Janapadas | strong, agrarian-based states in India; competed with one another for power |
| Varna | four early social divisions in Indian culture: priests, warriors, merchants, commoners (later priests, warriors, commoners, servants); each class had a very specific role to fulfill |
| Client States | states that are dependent on or partially controlled by more powerful ones; Shang did this to other states (enforced tribute and labor service) |
| Polytheism | belief in or worship of more than one god |
| Teosinte | wild grass native to Mesoamerica, believed to be ancestral to maize (corn); domesticated by foragers and those in Teotihuacan |
| Pictogram | pictures/symbols that represent words/phrases/ideas (NOT sounds) |
| Chariots | two-wheeled horse drawn cart; used in battle; created by villagers in central Asia and popularized by the Hittites |
| Ziggurat | Mesopotamian temple tower used for worshiping their gods (shrine at the top with excessive outside staircases) |
| Oracle | diviner of the future; Shang and Zhou dynasties used oracle bones to speak with ancestors and find out the future |
| Iron | malleable metal found underground that could be used to make tools and weapons; started the Iron Age in 1200 BCE |
| Dynasty | a succession of rulers of the same line of descent; a powerful group or family that maintains its position for an extended period of time; i.e. Xia and Shang dynasties and the Egyptian dynasties (DYNASTIC CYCLE) |
| Jade | green gemstones that symbolized wealth in ancient China; Shang rulers, for instance, had jade in their tombs |
Created by:
emma1311
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