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Respiratory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alveoli | The very small grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole. |
| Anoxia | The absence of oxygen from the body's tissues and organs even though there is an adequate flow of blood. |
| antitussive | medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing |
| aphonia | loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds |
| asbestosis | The form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs |
| asphyxia | The loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function |
| asthma | a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction and characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing and wheezing |
| atelectasis | the incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages or pneumothorax |
| bradypnea | an abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute |
| bronchodilator | a medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs. |
| bronchorrhea | An excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi |
| bronchoscopy | the visual examination of the bronchi through using a bronchoscope |
| bronchospasm | a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea |
| Croup | An acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness and swelling around the vocal cords , resulting in a barking cough and stridor |
| Cyanosis | A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood |
| Cystic fibrosis | A life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus |
| Diphtheria | An acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract |
| Dysphonia | Difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty |
| Dyspnea | Difficult or labored breathing, also known as shortness of breath |
| Emphysema | The progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking. |
| Empyema | An accumulation of pus in a body cavity |
| Endotracheal intubation | The passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway |
| Epistaxis | Bleeding from the nose that may be caused by dry air, an injury, medication to prevent blood clotting, or high blood pressure; also known as nosebleed |
| Hemoptysis | The expectoration of blood or bloodstained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage. |
| Hemothorax | A collection of blood in the pleural cavity |
| Hypercapnia | The abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| Hyperpnea | An increase in the depth and rate of the respiratory movements |
| Hypopnea | Shallow or slow respiration |
| Hypoxemia | The condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood |
| Hypoxia | The condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body’s tissues and organs; less severe than anoxia |
| Laryngectomy | The surgical removal of the larynx |
| Laryngitis | Inflammation of the larynx; also commonly used to describe voice loss that is caused by this inflammation |
| Laryngoscopy | The visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope |
| Laryngospasm | The sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx |
| Mediastinum | The middle section of the chest cavity located between the lungs. This cavity contains the heart and its veins and arteries , the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, the thymus gland, and lymph nodes |
| Nebulizer | An electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece |
| Otolaryngologist | A physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck |
| Pertussis | A contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration |
| Pharyngitis | An inflammation of the pharynx |
| Phlegm | Thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages |
| Pleurisy | An inflammation of the pleura, the membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity; causes pleurodynia |
| Pleurodynia | A sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation |
| Pneumoconiosis | Any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact |
| Pneumonectomy | The surgical removal of all or part of a lung |
| Pneumonia | A serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other liquids |
| Pneumothorax | The accumulation of air in the pleural space, causing a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse |
| Polysomnography | The diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep , also known as a sleep study |
| Pulmonologist | A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system |
| Pulse oximeter | An external monitor placed on the patient’s fingertip or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood |
| Pyothorax | A collection of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane |
| Sinusitis | Inflammation of the sinuses |
| Sleep apnea | A potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long enough periods to cause measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels |
| Spirometer | A recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time required for each breath |
| Tachypnea | An abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usaually of more than 20 breaths per minute |
| Thoracentesis | The surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity |
| Thoracotomy | A surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment |
| Tracheostomy | The surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea in order to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing |
| Tracheotomy | An emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage |
| Tuberculosis | An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs; also known as TB, it can also affect other parts of the body |
Created by:
Mmart1018
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