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Exam 1

Chapter 2 Human Diseases, A Systematic Approach, 8th ed., Zelman

TermDefinition
Immunity body's ability to resist infectious disease
Antigen any foreign substance that is non self
Nonspecific Immunity present at birth and provides immediate short-term protection from antigen, physical barriers and chemical barriers (white blood cells, mucus), includes Phagocytes
Specific Immunity primed by initial exposure to antigen of specific pathogen, responds quickly to antigens and prevents future exposures to create same response
Pathogens disease causing microorganisms
Phagocytes leukocytes that destroy pathogens
Example of nonspecific immunity Phagocytes
Humoral Immunity due to action of antibodies B Cells primary form of protection
B Cells antibodies are proteins produced by white blood cells called B lymphocytes or b cells
Cell-mediated Immunity defense against viruses, abnormal cells, and other intracellular pathogens, and it is responsible for rejecting tissue grafts and organ transplants. T cells/lymphocytes responsible
T Cells types Helper T Cell and Cytotoxic T Cells-
Helper T Cell divides producing cytotoxic t cells
Cytotoxic T Cells activated by antigen and divide and produce clones and memory t cells
Pars of Specific Immunity Humoral Immunity, B Cells, Cell-mediated Immunity, T Cells
Important Immunoglobulins IgM and IgE
IgM First antibody produced in primary response to antigen, activates complement
IgE Stimulates release of histamines and other chemicals that mediate inflammation and allergic responses
Immune system and aging Immune system function declines, Thymus atrophies, Fewer T cells
Types of Diagnostic Testing Agglutination reactions, Enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Western blot, Fluorescent antibody techniques, Flow cytometry, C-reactive protein, Erythrocyte sedimentation
Agglutination reactions detect bacterial and viral diseases used in blood typing
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) enzyme to label antibody or antigen, widely used
Western blot detects antibodies in serum
Fluorescent antibody techniques use antibody labeled with fluorescent molecule to detect antigen
Flow cytometry identifies and counts cells that have a particular antigen
Erythrocyte sedimentation measure general levels of inflammation in body (same as C-reactive protein)
C-reactive protein measure general levels of inflammation in body (same as Erythrocyte sedimentation)
Autoimmunity immune system fails to distinguish between self and non self attacks what it sees as non self
Autoantibodies antibodies that person develops to their own tissues or own self antigens
Raynaud's phenomenon Secondary, areas of skin turn white or blue
Overview of Lupus skin joints heart blood lung brain 90% of women most diagnoses between 15-44 y/o idiopathic etiology-Systemic (many body systems involved), Cutaneous (only skin), Drug-induced, Neonatal
Scleroderma Overview Name means hard skin, Chronic autoimmune disease of connected tissue, Localized scleroderma (only skin) Systemic sclerosis scleroderma (skin+internal organs)-Limited cutaneous SSC above the elbows, skin and feet below knees-Diffuse cutaneous all areas
Sjögren's Syndrome Overview Chronic, slow progressive autoimmune disease affects moisture producing glands, exocrine
Allergy Overview Extreme immune response to a harmless antigen Immediate (Type I), Cytotoxic (Type II), Immune-complex (Type III), Delayed (Type IV), Histamine dilates blood cells leaks plasma into tissues
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and HIV Overview Reduction of helper T cells, Increase opportunistic infections
Hodgkin's Lymphoma overview Cancer of the immune system, Reed-Sternberg cells
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Overview Cancer of the lymphocytes
Created by: LemonLinds
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