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Unit 9.1

Early Civilizations

TermDefinition
Canal A man made waterway for irrigation or transportation
Caste System The social structure within Hinduism and practiced in ancient and modern India in which people are divided into classes based on their occupation and family.
City-State A city that acts as its own country with a government, military and use of resources.
Cultural Diffusion The exchange of ideas, beliefs, and innovations across cultures.
Cuneiform The writing system of ancient Mesopotamia Written on clay tablets with a wooden stylus.
Dynasty A line of rulers from the same family. Passed from father to son.
Empire When many territories/ countries are under the control of one ruler or government.
Fertile Crescent A half moon shaped area spreading from modern Egypt to the Persian Gulf in which early Middle Eastern Civilizations began to develop due to the fertile soil around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
Hammurabi The leader of Ancient Babylonia.
Hammurabi’s Code The first written system of laws that applied to all people in Ancient Babylonia.
Harappa One of the major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Harappan Another name for the Indus Valley Civilization.
Hieroglyphics The earliest written language in Ancient Egypt in which pictures were used to represent objects and ideas. This later developed into a symbolic writing system.
Hinduism A religious system used in civilizations in India after the Indus Valley Civilization.
Huang Di The first leader of the Shang Dynasty.
Huang He/ Yellow River The river that Ancient China and the Shang Dynasty began to develop around.
Indus Valley Civilization The first civilization to develop in India around the Indus River between the Himalayan Mountains and the Arabian sea.
Irrigation A process in which people build canals in order to draw waterflow from rivers and into farm fields in order to water crops.
Mesopotamia The civilization that developed in the Fertile Crescent between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. These settlements are believed to be some of the oldest in the world.
Mohenjo Daro One of the major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Monsoon A seasonal wind that occurs in Asia that often brings rain.
Nile The river which the Ancient Egyptian civilization grew around.
Oral Tradition The passing of stories and traditions from one generation to another by word of mouth.
Polytheism The belief in multiple gods.
River Valley A valley with a river at the center. These are considered to be cradles of civilization because they have the right conditions for settlements to grow.
Rosetta Stone An artifact that has helped archeologists decipher the languages of ancient civilizations including Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.
Silt Small soil particles carried by the flow of rivers.
Surplus When there is more of a resource than what is needed.
Terrace Farming The creation of flat farming fields in the sides of hills and mountain ranges by cutting into the slope of the hill.
Tigris River and Euphrates River The rivers that flow through the Fertile Crescent that Ancient Mesopotamia developed around.
Ziggurat A step-pyramid structure used by the Ancient Mesopotamians as a temple for worship.
Created by: randallbrewster
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