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Med term chapter 4
death pt.3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ankyl/o | stiff joint |
| arthr/o | joint |
| articul/o | joint |
| burs/o | sac |
| carp/o | carpus |
| cervic/o | neck |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| clavicul/o | clavicle |
| coccyg/o | coccyx |
| cortic/o | outer layer |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | skull |
| femor/o | femur |
| fibr/o | fibers |
| fibul/o | fubula |
| humer/o | humerus |
| ili/o | ilium |
| ischi/o | ischium |
| kyph/o | hump |
| lamin/o | lamina, part of the vertebra |
| lord/o | bent backward |
| lumb/o | loin, low back |
| mandibul/o | mandible |
| maxill/o | maxilla |
| medull/o | inner portion |
| menisc/o | meniscus |
| metacarp/o | metacarpus |
| metatars/o | metatarsus |
| myel/o | bone marrow, spinal cord |
| orth/o | straight |
| oste/o | bone |
| patell/o | patella |
| pector/o | chest |
| ped/o | foot, child |
| pelv/o | pelvis |
| phalang/o | phalanges |
| pod/o | foot |
| prosthet/o | addition |
| pub/o | pubis |
| radi/o | radius, ray |
| sacr/o | sacrum |
| scapul/o | scapula |
| scoli/o | crooked |
| spin/o | spine |
| spondyl/o | vertebrae |
| stern/o | sternum |
| synovi/o | synovial membrane |
| synov/o | synovial membrane |
| tars/o | tarsus |
| thorac/o | chest |
| tibi/o | tibia |
| uln/o | unla |
| vertebr/o | vertebra |
| -blast | immature |
| -clasia | to break surgically |
| -clast | broken |
| -desis | to fuse |
| -listhesis | slipping |
| -logic | pertaining to study of |
| -phyte | growth |
| -porosis | porous |
| head | large smooth ball-shaped end of a long bone |
| condyle | smooth rounded potion at end of bone |
| epicondyle | projection above or on a condyle |
| trochanter | large rough process |
| tubercle | small rough process |
| tuberosity | large rough process |
| sinus | hollow cavity within bone |
| foramen | smooth opening for nerves and blood vessels |
| fossa | shallow cavity or depression within a bone |
| fissure | a slit-like opening |
| path/o | disease |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| vacul/o | blood vessel |
| -ac | pertaining to |
| -al | pertaining to |
| -algia | pain |
| -ar | pertaining to |
| -ary | pertaining to |
| -centesis | puncture to withdraw fluid |
| -clasia | surgically break |
| -desis | to fuse |
| -eal | pertaining to |
| -ectomy | surgical removal |
| -genic | producing |
| -gram | record |
| -graph | record |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| -iatry | medical treatment |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -listhesis | slipping |
| -logic | pertaining to study of |
| -logy | study |
| -malacia | abnormal softening |
| -metry | process of measuring |
| -oma | tumor |
| -ory | pertaining to |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -otomy | cutting into |
| -ous | pertaining to |
| -pathy | disease |
| -penia | abnormal decrease, too few |
| -phyte | growth |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -porosis | porous |
| -scope | instrument for viewing |
| -scopic | pertaining to visually examining |
| -scopy | process of visually examining |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| -tic | pertaining to |
| -tome | instrument used to cut |
| a- | without |
| anti- | against |
| bi- | two |
| dis- | apart |
| ex- | outward |
| inter- | between |
| intra- | within |
| non- | not |
| per- | through |
| pre- | before |
| sub- | below, under |
| carpal | pertaining to the carpus (wrist) |
| cervical | pertaining to the neck |
| clavicular | pertaining to the clavicle (collar bone) |
| coccygeal | pertaining to coccyx (tail bone) |
| cortical | pertaining to the outer layer |
| costal | pertaining to the ribs |
| cranial | pertaining to the skull |
| femoral | pertaining to the femur |
| fibular | pertaining to the fibula |
| humeral | pertaining to the humerus |
| iliac | pertaining to the ilium |
| intervertebral | pertaining to between vertebrae |
| intracranial | pertaining to inside the skull |
| ischial | pertaining to the ischium |
| lumbar | pertaining to the low back |
| mandibular | pertaining to the mandible (lower jaw) |
| maxillary | pertaining to the maxilla (upper jaw) |
| medullary | pertaining to inner region |
| metacarpal | pertaining to the metacarpus (hand) |
| metatarsal | pertaining to the metatarsus (foot) |
| patellar | pertaining to the patella (knee cap) |
| phalangeal | pertaining to phalanges (fingers/toes) |
| pubic | pertaining to the pubis |
| radial | pertaining to the radius |
| sacral | pertaining to the sacrum |
| scapular | pertaining to the scapula (shoulder blade) |
| spinal | pertaining to the spine |
| sternal | pertaining to the sternum (breast bone) |
| tarsal | pertaining to the tarsus (ankle) |
| thoracic | pertaining to thorax (chest) |
| tibial | pertaining to the tibia |
| ulnar | pertaining to the ulna |
| vertebral | pertaining to the vertebra |
| chiropractic | healthcare profession for malalignment conditions of the spine and musculoskeletal system |
| orthopedics | branch of medicine specializing in the musculoskeletal system |
| orthotics | healthcare profession specializing in orthopedic appliances such as braces or splints |
| podiatry | healthcare profession specializing in the feet and lower legs |
| prosthetics | healthcare profession specializing in making artificial body parts |
| rheumatology | branch of medicine specializing in musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions affecting the joints, muscles, and bones |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| callus | mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture side during healing |
| chondromalacia | softening of the cartilage |
| crepitation | noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together |
| ostealgia | bone pain |
| synovitis | inflammation of synovial membrane |
| closed fracture | fracture with no open skin wound; aka simple |
| comminuted fracture | fracture were bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed |
| compound fracture | fracture with an open skin wound; also called open fracture |
| compression fracture | fracture with loss of heigh in vertebral body; often from osteoporosis |
| fracture (FX, Fx) | broken bone |
| greenstick fracture | incomplete break; one side of the bone is broken, the other is bent; common in children |
| impacted fracture | bone fragments are pushed into each other |
| oblique fracture | fracture at an angle to bone |
| pathologic fracture | fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone |
| spiral fracture | fracture line spirals around shaft of bone; often slower to heal |
| stress fracture | slight fracture caused by repetitive low-impact forces like running |
| transverse fracture | fracture straight across bone |
| avascular necrosis | abnormal condition of decay or death of bone |
| chondroma | tumor in cartilage; usually benign |
| Ewing's sarcoma | cancerous tumor of shaft of long bones; spreads through periosteum; amputation is necessary to prevent metastasis |
| exostosis | bone spur |
| osteochondroma | tumor; usually benign consisting of both bone and cartilage tissue |
| osteogenic sarcoma | most common type of bone cancer; begins in osteocytes |
| osteoma | tumor found in bone tissue |
| osteomalacia | softening of bones caused by calcium deficiency; caused in children by insufficient sunlight and vitamin D |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| osteopathy | general term for bone disease |
| osteopenia | abnormal decrease in bone mass |
| osteophyte | a type of exostosis; this bony growth is usually found within a joint capsule |
| osteoporosis | decrease in bone mass; results in thinning and weakening of bones; porous bone easily fractures |
| Paget disease | metabolic disease of bone; unknown cause; results in bone destruction and deformity |
| rickets | caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency; results in bone deformities like bowed legs |
| ankylosing spondylitis | inflammatory condition resembles rheumatoid arthritis; gradual stiffening and fusion of vertebrae |
| herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) | protrusion of an intervertebral disk; also called ruptured disk |
| kyphosis | abnormal increase in curve of thoracic spine; humpback |
| lordosis | abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; swayback |
| scoliosis | lateral curve of spine |
| spina bifida | congenital anomaly; vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord |
| spinal stenosis | narrowing of spinal canal; causes pressure on spinal cord and nerves |
| spondylolisthesis | forward sliding of lumbar vertebra over vertebra below it |
| spondylosis | general term for degenerative vertebral column condition |
| whiplash | cervical muscle and ligament sprain |
| adhesive capsulitis | limitation in the range of motion due to thickening caused by inflammation of the joint capsule |
| anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) | the anterior ligament is prone to being stretched, torn, or ruptured with trauma involving an abrupt change of direction |
| bunion | inflammation of bursa at base of great toe |
| dislocation | bones in joint are displaced from normal alignment |
| gout | type of arthritis presenting as pain and swelling, usually in the first metatarsophalangeal joint |
| osteoarthritis (OA) | results in degeneration of bones and joints; bone rubs against bone |
| prepatellar bursitis | swelling of bursa between patella and skin; seen in persons who kneel often |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | autoimmune inflammation of joints with swelling, stiffness, pain; results in joint deformities |
| sprain | damage to ligaments around joint due to overstretching; no dislocation or fracture |
| subluxation | incomplete dislocation; joint alignment is disrupted, but ends of bones remain in contact |
| systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | autoimmune disease of connective tissue affecting many systems and may include joint pain; looks like rheumatoid arthritis |
| talipes | congenital deformity of ankle misalignment; clubfoot |
| arthography | visualizing joint by x-ray after injecting contrast medium into joint |
| bone scan | nuclear medicine procedure; radioactive dye is used to visualize bones; useful for identifying stress fractures and metastases |
| dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) | measures bone density using low does x-ray; detects osteoporosis |
| myelography | study of spinal column after injecting opaque contrast medium; useful for identifying herniated nucleus pulposus |
| radiography | uses x-rays to study internal structure of body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints |
| arthroscopy | examining interior of joint with an arthroscope, a fiberoptic camera; view of joint interior appears on monitor during procedure |
| arthrocentesis | insertion of needle into joint cavity to remove fluid |
| orthotic | brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities |
| prosthesis | artificial device to substitute for a missing or damaged body part |
| amputation | removal of a limb for reasons like tumors, gangrene, or crushing injury |
| anterior cruciate ligament repair | surgical repair of partially or completely torn anterior cruciate ligament |
| arthroclasia | forcibly breaking loose a fused joint |
| arthrodesis | stabilizing joint by fusing bones together |
| arthroscopic surgery | performing surgery while using an arthroscope to view inside joint |
| arthrotomy | cutting into a joint |
| bone graft | harvesting bone from one location to replace a bony defect in another location |
| bunionectomy | removal of the bursa at base of great toe |
| bursectomy | removal of a bursa |
| chondrectomy | removal of cartilage |
| chondroplasty | repair of cartilage |
| craniotomy | cutting into the skull |
| laminectomy | removal of posterior arch of vertebra to remove compression of a spinal nerve |
| meniscectomy | surgical removal of a meniscus |
| osteoclasia | intentional breaking of a bone |
| osteotome | instrument used to cut bone |
| osteotomy | cutting into a bone |
| percutaneous diskectomy | tube is inserted into intervertebral disk to suck out ruptured disk; may also be done with a laser |
| percutaneous vertebroplasty | surgical removal of herniated or ruptured disk material |
| spinal fusion | surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae |
| synovectomy | removal of a synovial membrane |
| total hip arthroplasty (THA) | implanting a prosthetic hip joint |
| total knee arthroplasty | implanting a prosthetic knee joint |
| cast | solid material to immobilize a fracture; may be made of plaster of Paris or fiberglass |
| fixation | stabilizes fracture while it heals; external fixation includes casts and splints; internal fixation includes pins, plates, and screws |
| reduction | realigning bone fragments of fracture; closed reduction is manipulation without surgery; open reduction requires surgery |
| traction | applying a pulling force on fracture or dislocation to restore alignment |
| bone reabsorption inhibitors | reduce the reabsorption of bone; treats osteoporosis and Paget's disease (Fosamax, Boniva) |
| calcium supplements and vitamin D therapy | supplements that maintain bone density; treats osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and rickets (Oystercal, Citracal) |
| corticosteroids | have strong anti-inflammatory properties; treat rheumatoid arthritis (prednisone, Medrol, Decadron) |
| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) | provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits; treat arthritis (Advil, Motrin, Aleve, aspirin) |
| abbreviation for dual-energy absorptiometry | DXA, DEXA |
| abbreviation for fracture | FX, Fx |
| cleid/o | clavicle |
| duct/o | to bring |
| extens/o | to stretch out |
| fasci/o | fibrous band |
| fibr/o | fibers |
| flex/o | to bend |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| my/o | muscle |
| myos/o | muscle |
| plant/o | sole of foot |
| rotat/o | to revolve |
| ten/o | tendon |
| tend/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| vers/o | to turn |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -ion | action, condition |
| -kinesia | movement |
| -tonia | tone |
| -trophic | pertaining to development |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward |
| circum- | around |
| e- | outward |
| rectus abdominis | sternocleidomastoid (gluteus maximus) |
| straight abdominal muscle | named for its origins at the sternum and clavicle and its insertion at the mastoid process (large buttock muscle) |
| flexor carpi | external oblique (bicep) |
| muscle that bends the wrist | abdominal muscle with fibers running at an angle (muscle with two heads) |
| abduction | movement away from midline of body |
| adduction | movement toward midline of body |
| flexion | act of bending or being bent |
| extension | brings limb into a straight condition |
| dorsiflexion | backward bending of foot |
| plantar flexion | being sole of foot; pointing toes |
| eversion | turning outward |
| inversion | turning inward |
| pronation | turning palm downward |
| supination | turning palm upward |
| elevation | to raise |
| depression | to drop down |
| circumduction | act of leading in a circular direction from a central point as if drawing a large, imaginary circle in the air |
| opposition | moving thumb away from palm; the ability to move the thumb into contact with the other fingers |
| rotation | act of revolving around a central axis |
| bi/o | life |
| carp/o | wrist |
| electr/o | electricity |
| fasci/o | fibrous band |
| fibr/o | fibers |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| later/o | side |
| necr/o | death |
| -algia | pain |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -desis | to fuse |
| -dynia | pain |
| -gram | record |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -opsy | view of |
| -otomy | cutting into |
| -pathy | disease |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -rrhaphy | suture |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| -trophy | development |
| a- | without |
| brady- | slow |
| dys- | abnormal, difficult |
| api- | above |
| hyper- | excessive |
| hypo- | insufficient |
| poly- | many |
| pseudo- | false |
| re- | again |
| ultra- | beyond |
| adhesion | scar tissue in fascia; makes muscle movement difficult |
| atonia | lack of muscle tone |
| atrophy | poor muscle development; result of muscle disease or lack of use; muscle wasting |
| bradykinesia | having slow movements |
| contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia |
| dyskinesia | having difficult or abnormal movements |
| dystonia | having abnormal muscle tone |
| hyperkinesia | having an excessive amount of movement |
| hypertonia | having excessive muscle tone |
| hypertrophy | increase in muscle bulk from use |
| hypokinesia | having insufficient amount of movement |
| hypotonia | having insufficient muscle tone |
| intermittent claudication | attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by muscle ischemia; usually in calf muscles |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| myotonia | muscle tone |
| spasm | sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction |
| tenodynia | tendon pain |
| fibromyalgia | widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue |
| lateral epicondylitis | inflammation of elbow muscles; caused by strong gripping; tennis elbow |
| muscular dystrophy (MD) | inherited disease with progressive muscle atrophy |
| myopathy | general term for muscle disease |
| myorrhexis | tearing a muscle |
| necrotizing fasciitis (NF) | infection that results in death of the soft tissue |
| polymyositis | inflammation of two or more muscles |
| pseydohypertrophic muscular dystrophy | one type of inherited muscular dystrophy; also called Duchenne's muscular dystrophy |
| torticollis | severe neck spasms pulling head to one side; wryneck or crick in the neck |
| carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) | repetitive motion disorder; compression of finger tendons and median nerve as they pass through carpal tunnel of the wrist |
| ganglion cyst | cyst on tendon sheath; usually on hand, wrist or ankle |
| repetitive motion disorder | chronic disorders involving tendon, muscles, joints, and nerve damage; tissue is subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements |
| rotator cuff injury | joint capsule of shoulder joint is reinforced by tendons; high degree of flexibility puts rotator cuff at risk for strain and tearing |
| strain | damage to muscle, tendons, or ligaments due to overuse or overstretching |
| tendinitis | inflammation of a tendon |
| creatine kinase | blood test for presence of muscle enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle |
| deep tendon reflexes (DTR) | muscle contraction in response to stretch; used to determine if muscles are responding properly |
| electromyogram | hardcopy record produced by EMG |
| electromyography (EMG) | study of strength and quality of muscle contration in response to electrical stimulation |
| muscle biopsy | removal of muscle tissue for examination |
| carpal tunnel release | cutting of ligament in wrist to relieve pressure caused by carpal tunnel syndrome |
| fasciotomy | surgically cutting into fascia |
| myoplasty | surgical repair of a muscle |
| myorrhaphy | procedure to suture together a muscle |
| tendoplasty | surgical repair of a tendon |
| tendotomy | procedure to cut into a tendon |
| tenodesis | surgical stabilization of a joint by anchoring down tendons of muscles that move the joint |
| tenoplasty | surgical repair of a tendon |
| tenorrhaphy | procedure to suture together a tendon |
| skeletal muscle relaxants | relax skeletal muscle to reduce spasms (Flexeril, Soma) |
Created by:
addisonmessick04
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