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barbis-Absolutism 1
Barbis-Absolutism Unit 1 (Nole)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absolute monarchy | ruler with complete authority over government and citizens |
| "Divine Right" | belief that God gave ruler power to be king or queen |
| Palace of Versailles | elaborate, fancy palace built by King Louis XIV |
| English Bill of Rights | this limited the king's power;Parliament gained superiority; king could not jail citizens unfairly |
| Glorious Revolution | bloodless overthrow of England's King James II'; was replaced by William and Mary |
| constitiutional monarchy | a system of governing in which the ruler's power is limited by law |
| enlightened despot | a monarch that believe in Enlightenment ideals, rule fairly (ex. Catherine the Great) |
| despot | another name for a monarch |
| Westernization of Russia | forced western ideas, education and clothing styles on citizens of Russia |
| St. Petersburg | city built by Peter the Great to make trade and travel with the West easier |
| Enlightenment | European movement where thinkers applied principles of reason and scientific method to society |
| natural rights | rights that belong to all people |
| purpose of government | to protect natural rights of people according to John Locke |
| separation of powers | each branch of government keeps the others from becoming too powerful (Montesquieu) |
| 1st Estate | 5% of population = Catholic clergy that owned 10% of land |
| 2nd Estate | 1.5% of population = Rich nobles that owned 20% of land |
| 3rd Estate | 98% of population = French citizens who owned 70% of land |
| Estates General | assembly of representatives from all 3 estates or social classes in France |
| National Assembly | established by representatives of 3rd estate to enact laws & reforms for French people |
| March of Versailles | King and Queen were escorted by women back to Paris; accused Marie Antoinettte of being immoral |
| storming of Bastille | more than 800 Parisians stormed this after hearing foreign troops were coming to massacre French citizens |
| Jacobians | radical political organization involved in governmental changes in France |
| bougeoisie | middle class of 3rd estate (bankers, factory owners, merchants, professionals) |
| San-Culottes | radical group of Parisian working-class & small shopkeepers; wanted more voice in government, lower prices & end food shortages |
| Reign of Terror | mass executions of 40,000 people order by Robespierre |
| Committee on Public Safety | lead by Robespierre to protect Revolution from it's "enemies"; used unfair trials & executions |
| The Directory | Five-man council that took over after Reign of Terror ended; Napoleon ran them off |
| Napoleonic Code | Napoleon's code of laws changing property ownership, education, etc. |
| Napoleon's invasion of Russia | his army starved and froze to death trying to attack Russia |
| Congress of Vienna | series of meetings where European leaders sought long lasting peace & security after defeating Napoleon |
| legitimacy | hereditary right of monarch to rule |
| balance of power | distribution of power that prevented any one nation from dominating Europe |
| Concert of Europe | ensured nations would help each other if revolution broke out (Metternich) |
| laissez-faire | policy where businesses are allowed to operate without governmental interference |
| Edict of Nantes | proclamation granting religious tolerance to Huguenots |
| Huguenots | Protestant citizens of France |
| Napoleon | great millitary leader who brought many reforms to France |
| Robespierre | a Jacobian leader who gained power & set out to build a "republic of virtue" by wiping out France's past; Enacted Reign of Terror |
| Peter the Great | worked to modernize and westernize Russia |
| Louis XIV | "Sun King"; an absolute monarch who believe in divine right |
| Thomas Hobbes | believed people are greedy & selfish; powerful government can create peaceful, orderly society |
| John Locke | believed people have natural rights; it is job of government to protect these rights or people should overthrow government |
| Baron de Montesquieu | believed powers of government should be separated into 3 branches to keep one from becoming too powerful |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | believed in perfect society; people make & obey laws; what is good for everyone more imporant than for individual |
Created by:
vbarbis2
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