Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 1
AP World History: Modern Unit 1 Vocabulary (varies by teacher)
| Term | Definition | -+ Origination |
|---|---|---|
| Song Dynasty | (960-1279 CE) The leading example of diversity and innovation in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas during the 13th Century. China enjoyed great wealth, political stability, and fine artistic and intellectual achievements. | East Asia |
| Imperial bureaucracy | A vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empire's policies. | |
| Meritocracy | social stratification based on personal merit. | |
| Crand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. | East Asia |
| Champa Rice | a fast-ripening and drought-resistant strain of rice from the Champa Kingdom in present-day Vietnam - greatly expanded agricultural production in China. | Southeast Asia |
| Proto-Industrialization | a set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell. | |
| Scholar gentry | The Chinese class of well-educated men from whom many bureaucrats were chosen. | East Asia |
| Woodblock printing | a type of printing in which text is carved into a block of wood and the block is then coated with ink and pressed on the page. | East Asia |
| Zen Buddhism | Known as Chan Buddhism in China; stressed meditation and the appreciation of natural and artistic beauty. Formed when Buddhist doctrines combined with elements of Daoist traditions to create a syncretic faith. | East Asia |
| Neo-Confucianism | A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements. (770-840). | East Asia |
| Filial piety | the duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family. | |
| House of Wisdom | An academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad in 830 C.E. by the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun. | North Africa |
| Mamluks (Mamluk Sultanate) | Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth and tenth centuries/Mamluk generals who founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the thirteenth to early sixteenth centuries. | Middle East |
| Seljuk Turks | nomadic people from central Asia who converted to Islam and took command of the empire in 1055. | Central Asia |
| Sultan | "holder of power"; the military and political head of state under the Seljuk Turks above the caliph. | |
| Abbasid Caliphate | "holder of power"; the military and political head of state under the Seljuk Turks above the caliph. | Central Asia |
| Sufis | mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life. | |
| Nasir al-Din al-Tusi | Celebrated Islamic scholar during the "golden age" of Islam in Baghdad. He made contributions to astronomy (built the most advanced observatory in the world & accurate astronomical charts) law. ethics, mathematics, philosophy and medicine. | Middle East |
| 'A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah | Sufi poet and mystic, She was the most prolific female Muslim writer before the 20th century. Her best known work was a long poem honoring Muhammad called "Clear Inspiration, on Praise of the Trusted One." | |
| Vijayanagara Empire | Harihara and Bukka (from Delhi Sultanate) came to extend rule to S. India. Born as Hindus, but converted to Islam, they left Delhi, they embraced Hinduism in their own kingdom. Downfall: group of Muslim kingdoms overthrew it. | South Asia |
| Rajput Kingdoms | Hindu kingdoms formed after the fall of the Gupta Empire in N. India. No centralized government because the clan leaders were often at war with one another. Gradually formed into modern day Pakistan + India. Often vulnerable to Muslim attacks. | South Asia |
| Dehli Sultanate | 13th-15th century Islamic state in India, reigned for 300 years. Interaction of Hindus and Muslims in northern India dominated the political history of the era. Imposed a tax called the jizya on all non-Muslims subjects of the empire. | South Asia |
| Proselytize | to actively seek converts. | |
| Qutub Minar | world's tallest brick minaret. built during the Delhi Sultanate, it is a famous example of the melding of Hindu art with the geometric patterns preferred by Islamic architecture. It is an example syncretism in architecture. | South Asia |
| Bhakti Movement | Beginning in the 12th century, Hindu emphasis on emotion in spiritual life with a strong attachment on a particular deity begun in Southern India; especially appealing to many because it did not discriminate against women or people of low social classes. | South Asia |
| Srivijaya Empire | (670-1025) Mostly Buddhist kingdom based on Sumatra, built it's navy and prospered by charging ships traveling between India + China. Religious center of the region, was dominated for centuries but weakened by the expansion of other powers. | South Asia |
| Majapahit Kingdom | Vast archipelagic empire based on island of Java (1293-1500); One of last major empires of the region + considered to be one of the most powerful empires in history of Indonesia + SE. Asia, one that is sometimes seen as reason for Indo.'s mod. bounderies | South Asia |
| Sinhala Dynasties | (Sri Lanka) Roots in arrival of early immigrants (mostly merchants from India). Big Buddhist culture, center of Buddhist study and devotion. Buddhist priests as monarchs. Downfall: Attacks from invaders from India + conflict between monarchy + priests. | South Asia |
| Khmer Empire | (Cambodia) Most powerful and long-lasting kingdom on the mainland of SW. Asia. The Angkor Kingdom had complex irrigation + drainage system that led to economic prosperity. Capital: Angkor Thom. | Southeast Asia |
| Sukhothar Kingdom | An early kingdom in the area around the city Sukhothai, in north central Thailand; briefly invaded the Khmer Empire; was a major trading center as it facilitated trade between India and China. | Southeast Asia |
| Mississippian Culture | First large scale civilization in N. Am.. Built big mounds, had a large class structure, women framed, men hunted. Declined in the 1600s. | North America |
| City-state | a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. Comprised of a king, the city, and the surrounding territory. | |
| Human sacrifices | Killing of humans for a purpose like worshiping a god, practiced widely by the Aztecs and a little by the Maya. | |
| Mexicas | Capital: Tenochtitlan. Built their island on a lake. Good sanitation, protection, growing food, transportation, highly unrbanized/advanced. Good engineers, money, construction, calendar. Had human sacrifice (rip heart out), created warrior society. | Mexico |
| Chinampas | Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields - floating gardens. | Latin America |
| Theocracy | A government controlled by religious leaders. | |
| Pachacuti | Inca ruler (1438-1471); began the military campaigns that marked the creation of an Inca empire. | Mexico, Latin America |
| Incan Empire | a Mesoamerican civilization in the Andes Mountains in South America that by the end of the 1400s was the largest empire in the Americas including much of what is now Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile; conquered by Pizarro. | Mexico, Latin America |
| Mit'a system | mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire. | Mexico, Latin America |
| Temple of the Sun | Inca religious center located at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas. | Mexico, Latin America |
| Animism | the belief that elements of the physical world could have supernatural powers. | |
| Carpa Nan | The Inca massive roadway system, consisting of 25,000 miles of road built using captive labor that connected Cuzco with the outlying parts of the empire. Was used mostly by government officials, messengers, and the military. | Mexico, Latin America |
| Hausa Kingdoms | (1000 CE in Nigeria) 1 kingdom divided into 7 states connected through kinship, blood, or ethnic ties; no main central authority, ruled each state separate from one another; mainly benefited economically from the trans-Saharan trade network. | West Africa |
| Trans-Saharan Trade | A network of trading routes across the Sahara desert. | North Africa |
| Ghana | W. African state, supplied majority of world's gold (500-1400s). Reached peak influence from 8-11th centuries. Sold gold + ivory to Muslim traders for salt, copper, cloth, and tools. Capital of Koumbi Saleh where king ruled centralized gov. aided. | West Africa |
| Mali | W. African kingdom that followed K.o. Ghana; wealth based on trans-Saharan trade; encouraged spread of Islam. Founded by Sundiata, eventually ruled by Mansa Musa (whose pilgrimage to Mecca showed Islamic empire their kingdom's prosperity). | West Africa |
| Zimbabwe | E. African kingdom between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. Built its prosperity on agriculture, grazing, trade, and gold (had rich gold fiends and taxes on gold transport made them wealthy). Traded with coastal states. Had famous defensive walls. | East Africa |
| Indian Ocean trade | connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion. | |
| Swahili | Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa. | East Africa |
| Great Zimbabwe | City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. | East Africa |
| Ethiopia | A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa 12th century under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa. | East Africa |
| Indian Ocean slave trade | E. Africa -> Middle East & India/ Similar conditions to the Atlantic Slave Trade/ Cultural Diffusion. | East Africa, Middle East |
| Zanj Rebellion | A series of revolts by slaves working on sugar plantations in Mesopotamia 869-883. 15,000 enslaved people successfully captured the city of Basra and held it for 10 years before being defeated. One of the most successful slave revolts in history.. | Middle East |
| Griots | Oral Storytellers/keepers of history in Africa. Possessed vast knowledge of family history + the deeds of great leaders. They were both feared and respected. Adept at music, they sang their stories too, passing history from 1 generation to another. | |
| Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land. | |
| Manorial system | an economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors. | |
| Serfs | People who gave their land to a lord and offered their servitude in return for protection from the lord. They were not enslaved but were tied to the lands, and could not travel or marry without their lord's permission. | |
| Three-field system | A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe. | |
| Estates-General | A body of deputies to advise the king from the three estates, or orders, of France: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and everyone else (Third Estate). | Western Europe |
| Estates | The social classes in France - the clergy, the nobility, and commoners. | Western Europe |
| Otto 1 | 10th century ruler who became emperor of the Holy Roman Empire through close ties with the Catholic church. | Western Europe |
| Lay investiture controversy | A dispute over whether a secular leader, rather than the pope, could invest bishops with the symbols of office. | |
| Magna Carta | (1215) a charter of liberties (freedoms) that King John "Lackland" of England was forced to sign; it made the king obey the same laws as the citizens of his kingdom. | Western Europe |
| English Parliament | -Firmly established by the 14th century -Gained power at the expense of the king -Composed of the House of Lords (titled nobility) and the House of Commons (gentry and middle classes). | Western Europe |
| Hundreds Years' War | War between France and Britain (116 years) mostly a time of peace, but it was punctuated by times of brutal violence (1337-1453) Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English + French royal families and French noble families. | Western Europe |
| Reconquista | The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492. | Western Europe |
| Great Schism | the official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054. | |
| Primogeniture | System of inheritance where the eldest son in a family received all his father's land. Nobility remained powerful + owned land, while the 2nd + 3rd sons forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Many turned to New World for financial purposes + individual wealth. | |
| Crusades | A series of military campaigns from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. | Middle East |
| Marco Polo | (1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period. | East Asia |
| Bourgeoisie | the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people. | |
| Little Ice Age | Cooling period between 14th-19th centuries; with wide temperature fluctuations, droughts, and storms, causing famines + dislocation. Increased disease + unemployment leading to social unrest (Crime rate increased, Jews were victims of scapegoating). | |
| Antisemitism | hostility to or prejudice against Jews. Between the 13th and 15th century, many Western European countries expelled Jews, forcing many to relocate to Eastern Europe. | Western Europe |
| Humanism | To focus on individuals rather then g-d. | |
| Cahokia | Mississippian mound settlement near present-day East St. Louis, home to as many as 25,000 Native Americans. | North America |
| Matrilineal Society | a society in which descent & inheritance come through the mother's kinship line. | North America |
Created by:
R1tank
Popular World History sets