Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chap. - 25
PharmacologyHSC1149
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| most antiarrhythmics __ pulse rate and blood pressure | lower |
| procainamide & quinidine can cause | tachycardia |
| antiarrhythmic agents can __ existing arrhythmias or cause new arrhythmias | worsen |
| when other cardiac drugs are administered concomitantly there can be an additive or __ effect | antagonistic |
| propanolol (Inderal) & atenolol (Tenormin) are in the class of | beta-adrenergics blockers |
| verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) are in the class of | calcium channel blockers |
| disopyramide (Norpace), quinidine, & procainamide (Pronestyl) all have __ mechanism of action | similar |
| antihypertensives do not __ hypertension | cure |
| antihypertensives only __ hypertension | control |
| if antihypertensive medication is stopped, blood pressure will return to __ __ to those before treatment w/medication | levels similar |
| defined as systolic range 120-139 and diastolic 80-89; new category to identify patients who are at higher cardiovascular risk based on BP | pre-hypertension |
| lifestyle changes are the only management of blood pressure at the | pre-hypertension stage |
| most frequently prescribed diuretic for high blood pressure. | hydrochlorathiazide |
| peripheral vasodilator | hydralazine (Apresoline) |
| central-acting alpha-adrenergic agent | methyldopa (Aldomet) |
| angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor | enalapril (Vasotec) & lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) |
| calcium channel blocker | amiodipine (Norvasc) |
| beta-adrenergic blocker | metoprolol (Lopressor) |
| thiazide diuretic | hydrochlorathiazide (HydroDIURIL) |
| cardiac glycoside; administration PO: tablets, liquid-filled capsules; elixir; intermediate duration; trade name for digoxin | Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps |
| cardiac glycoside; administration: IV, dosage varies; maximum dose 0.125mg (long-term in older adults) | digoxin |
| antiarrhythmic; administration PO, 50mg/day or IV 5-10mg; beta blocker; trade name for atenololª | Tenormin |
| antiarrhythmic; administration PO, 10-30mg/3-4x/day or IV 0.5-3mg; beta blocker; trade name for propranololª | Inderal |
| antiarrhythmic; administration PO, 240-480mg or IV 2.5-10mg; calcium channel blocker; trade name for verapamilª | Isoptin, Calan |
| antiarrhythmic; administration IM or IV diluted (check IV dilution directions); local anesthetic-type; trade name for lidocaine | Xylocaine |
| antiarrhythmic; administration IV or PO dose varies; antiarrhythmic & vasodilator; for Medication Guide now required; trade name for amiodarone | Cordarone |
| antiarrhythmic; administration PO dose varies IV/IM for emergency; local anesthetic, anticholinergic; trade name for procainamide | Pronestyl, Procanbid |
| antiarrhythmic; administration PO 150-300mg q8h; membrane stabilizer for ventricular arrhythmias; trade name for propafenone | Rythmol |
| antiarrhythmic; administration PO 225-425mg q12h; membrane stabilizer for ventricular arrhythmias; trade name for propafenone | Rythmol SR |
| antiarrhythmic; administration PO tabs, ER, IV, IM dose varies; myocardial depressant, anticholinergic | quinidine |
| antiarrhythmic; administration PO 150mg q6h; myocardial depressant, anticholinergic properties, not for older adults; trade name for disopyramide | Norpace |
| antiarrhythmic; administration PO 300mg q12h; myocardial depressant, anticholinergic properties, not for older adults; trade name for disopyramide | Norpace CR |
| atenololª, propranololª, & verapamilª: the (ª) denotes contraindications for patients with | other heart conditions |
| are contraindicated for patients w/bradycardia, heart block, & CHF | beta blockers |
| adrenergics (i.e. epinephrine/isoproterenol), anticholinergics, & tricyclic antidepressants are __ of beta blockers | antagonists |
| diuretics & other hypertensives (i.e. calcium channel blockers) as well as phenothiazine/other tranquilizers, potentiate the __ effect of propranolol | hypotensive |
| cimetidine (Tagamet) will __ __ of propranolol | slow metabolism |
| use of propranolol with other cardiac drugs (i.e. quinidine) may potentiate __ effects | toxic |
| when used with propranolol, they may precipitate hypotension, dizziness, confusion, &/or sedation | alcohol, muscle relaxants, & sedatives |
| are contraindicated for patients w/heart block (causes bradycardia), severe heart failure,hypotension, certain arrhythmias, or angina | calcium channel blockers |
| calcium channel blockers when used w/other cardiac drugs (i.e.) digoxin) can potentiate __ & __ effects | good; adverse |
| calcium channel blockers have a(n) __ __ w/barbiturates, salicylates, phenytoin/rifampin, & lithium | antagonistic effect |
| calcium channel blockers, when taken w/diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, & quinidine, | potentiate hypotensive effect |
| adverse effects are potentiated when calcium channel blockers are taken with | grapefruit juice |
| occur in nature or can be prepared synthetically; act directly on myocardial contractions; primarily used in treatment of CHF | cardiac glycosides |
| cardiac glycosides are called __ because they strengthen the heartbeat | cardiotonic |
| cardiac glycosides are sometimes used w/antiarrhythmic agents to slow heart rate in certain kinds of __ or atrial fibrillation/flutter | tachycardia |
| in patients w/CHF cardiac glycosides act by increasing force of __ __ w/out increasing O2 consumption, thereby increasing cardiac output | cardiac contractions |
| result of cardiac glycosides increasing efficiency of the heart, the heart beats slowly, __ __, & diuretic action decreases edema | size shrinks |
| most commonly used cardiac glycosides are | digitalis products |
| most commonly used digitalis product digoxin (Lanoxin) is used because administration available orally/parenterally & has | intermediate duration of action |
| process of establishing correct therapuetic dose of digitalis for maintaining optimal functioning of heart w/out toxic effects | digitalization |
| careful monitoring of cardiac rate/rhythm w/EKG, cardiac function, side effects, & blood digitalis is required to determine __ __ __ of digitalis | therapuetic maintenance dose |
| checking the __ __ before administering digitalis is an important part of the monitoring process | apical pulse |
| if apical pulse rate is below 60, digitalis should be | withheld until physician consulted |
| includes variety of drugs that act in different ways to suppress various types of cardiac arrhythmias, incl atrial/ventricular tachycardias, atrial fibrillation/flutter, & arrhythmias that occur w/digitalis toxicity or during surgery & anesthesia | antiarrhythmic agents |
| assessment of type of arrhythmia, frequency, cardiac/renal/other pathological condition(s), & current signs/symptoms are factors in the __ of antiarrhythmic agent | choice |
| most of the antiarrhythmic agents have potential for __ BP & __ heartbeat | lowering; slowing |
| signs of hypotension & bradycardia, when antiarrhythmic agents are administered, can lead to | cardiac arrest |
| antiarrhythmic agents which may cause tachycardia, instead of intended effects of slowing heart rate | procainamide & quinidine |
| when other cardiac drugs are administered w/antiarrhythmic agents concomitantly, cardiac effects may be | additive or antagonistic |
| antiarrhythmic agents can __ existing arrhythmias or cause new arrhythmias | worsen |
| very important, for patients taking antiarrhythmic agents, especially for hyperkalemia | electrolyte surveillance |
| combat arrhythmias by inhibiting adrenergic (sympathetic) nerve receptors | beta-adrenergic blockers |
| non-selective beta-blocker, effective in mngmt. of some arrhythmias & loss effective w/others; used in treatment of hypertension & some forms of chronic angina | propranolol (Inderal) |
| selective beta-antagonist, used w/caution & in low doses may be used in patients w/lung conditions that cause bronchospasms | atenolol (Tenormin) |
| counteract arrhythmias by suppressing action of calcium in contraction of heart muscle, thereby reducing cardiac excitability & dilating main coronary arteries | calcium channel blockers |
| calcium channel blockers are used in treatment of | angina & hypertension |
| antiarrhythmic similar to procainamide & quinidine, which is a synthetic agent that decreases myocardial excitability, inhibits conduction, & may depress myocardial contracitility | disopyramide (Norpace) |
| disopyramide (Norpace) has significant __ properties | anticholinergic |
| 2nd choice behind alternative agents (i.e. IV amiodarone) for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias | lidocaine |
| primarily used as prophylactic therapy to maintain normal rhythm after conversion by other methods; usually administered orally in antiarrhythmic therapy | procainamide (Pronestyl) |
| procainamide (Pronestyl) __ anticholinergic properties | possess |
| one of oldest antiarrhythmic agents; acts by decreasing myocardial excitability & may depress myocardial contracitility | quinidine (Quinaglute, Cardioquin) |
| quinidine (Quinaglute, Cardioquin) is used primarily in __ therapy | prophylactic |
| defines as SBP of >140 or DBP of >90 | hypertension |
| strong & consistent relationship between BP and | risk of cardiovascular disease |
| increases risk of MI, heart failure, stroke, & kidney disease; requires aggressive treatment | high BP |
| patients w/pre-hypertension are at a higher risk for developing __ hypertension in later years | sustained |
| purpose of __ __ is to encourage patients to initiate/continue healthy lifestyle practices, rather than antihypertensive drug therapy | pre-hypertension classification |
| medications used in treatment/mngmt. of all degrees of hypertension | antihypertensives |
| if antihypertensives are to be DC, dosage should be gradually reduced, as abrupt withdrawal can cause | rebound hypertension |
| stages of hypertension | mild, moderate, severe |
| stage of hypertension, other physical factors (esp. other cardiac/renal complications), & effectiveness are the factors that determined | antihypertensive agent prescribed |
| antihypertensive side effects are common & __ __ signs must be monitored closely | vital signs |
| most common side effect of antihypertensive agents is | hypotension, postural |
| side effect common to many of the antihypertensive agents | bradycardia |
| antihypertensive agent which causes tachycardia | hydralazine (Apresoline) |
| lowers BP by decreasing vasoconstriction; no significant changes in heart rate/cardiac output | ACE inhibitors |
| good choice for patients w/ other serious conditions, incl. heart failure, diabetes, renal disease, & cerebrovascular disease | ACEIs |
| ACEIs can be used for patients w/hypertension & nephropathy because they __ __ of the renal disease | slow progression |
| side effect of ACEIs can be __ so requires monitoring of serum potassium levels periodically | hyperkalemia |
| ACEIs taken w/diuretics can potentiate __; watch BP closely | hypotension |
| ACEIs taken w/NSAIDs & salicylates antagonize effects of ACEIs & increase | deterioration of renal function |
| similar to ACEIs but they both block hormone causing vasocontriction they interrupt different sites | ARBs |
| losartan (Cozaar) & valsartan (Diovan) block effects of __, decreasing BP w/out marked change in heart rate | angiotensin II |
| low dose thiazide diuretics w/ARBs significantly improves | hypertensive efficacy |
| side effects include dizziness, URIs & hyperkalemia | angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) |
| central-acting alpha-adrenergic agent used for moderate-severe hypertension; administered w/diuretic; drug of choice for hypertension is pregnant women because of safety for fetus | methyldopa (Aldomet) |
| peripheral vasodilator, sometimes used for treating moderate-severe hypertension (esp. w/CHF) because increases heart rate & cardiac output; generally used w/another hypotensive agent & diuretic | hydralazine |
| tachycardia/palpations, orthostatic hypotension, & edema/weight gain are | side effects of hydralazine |
| patients w/systematic lupus erythematous, renal disease, coronary artery disease, rheumatic heart disease hydralazine drug therapy is | contraindicated |
| hydralazine used in pregnancy is normally contraindicated, although many regards as hypertensive of choice during | preeclampsia |
| central-acting alpha-adrenergic agent; used mainly to treat hypertension, but also successful in nicotine/opiate withdrawal, vascular headaches, glaucoma, ulcerative colitis, Tourette's. & pain mngmt for severe pain in cancer patients | clonidine (Catapres) |
| peripheral-acting alpha-adrenergic blocker; primary use to treat hypertension; other agents in its class used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) | Prazosin (Minipres) |
| medications used in treatment of angina, to dilate coronary arteries & stop attacks, or control frequency when administered prophylactically | coronary vasodilators |
| insufficient blood supply to part of the body | ischemia |
| ischemia can results in | acute pain |
| most common type of angina | pectoris |
| chest pain resulting from decreased blood supply to heart muscle; obstruction/constriction of coronary arteries | angina pectoris |
| nitrates, beta-blockers, & calcium channel blockers are the coronary vasodilators used in __ & __ mngmt of angina | treatment; prophylactic |
| nitrates most commonly used for relief of acute angina pectoris, as well as for long-term prophylactic mngmt are | nitroglycerin & isosorbide (Isordil, Sorbitrate) |
| if initial single dose of nitroglycerin doesn't provide relief during acute attack, additional tablets may be administered at 5min intervals but no more than 3 doses given in | 15 min period |
Created by:
lfrancois
Popular Medical sets