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Med Terminology
Chapter 7 Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aden/o | gland |
| adren/o, adrenal/o | adrenal gland |
| cortic/o | outer surface |
| gonad/o | sex organs |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pituitar/o, hypophys/o | pituitary gland |
| thym/o | thymus |
| thyr/o, thyroid/o | thyroid |
| gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o | sugar |
| crin/o | to secrete |
| hormon/o | hormone |
| ket/o | ketone body |
| -tropin | stimulating hormones; includes gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and thyrotropin (TSH) |
| -emia | glycemia, calcemia |
| -uria | urine condition |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | stimulates the thyroid gland |
| pituitary gland | makes growth hormone and prolactin |
| hyperthyroidism | overactive thyroid; leads to a higher than normal metabolism |
| hypothyroidism | metabolism slows down |
| Calcitonin | A hormone that encourages the uptake of calcium the blood into the bone; keeps the level of calcium in the bone from getting too high. |
| parathyroid hormone | This hormone has the opposite effect of calcitonin in the blood into bone. It helps keep the level of calcium in the blood from getting too low. |
| Insulin | decreases the level of sugar in the blood; it encourages cells to open up to the blood sugar (glucose) and take it in. |
| Glucagon | works against insulin; hormone secreted by the pancreas that tells the liver to make more sugar and thus increases the level of sugar in the blood |
| glycemia | blood glucose level |
| hyperglycemia | high blood sugar |
| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar |
| euglycemia | normal blood sugar |
| pituitary giantism | abnormally large |
| pituitary dwarfism | abnormally small |
| acromegaly | extra growth is disproportionate in the face and long bones of the body |
| goiter (thyrocele) | enlarged or swollen thyroid gland |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | constant hunger |
| menarche | beginning or first menstruation |
| thelarche | the beginning of breast development |
| amenorrhea | lack of menstrual flow |
| gynecomastia | male breast development |
| adenalgia | pain in a gland |
| adrenal virilism | development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland |
| aderenarche | beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty) |
| hirsutism | excessive growth of facial and body hair in women |
| hypergonadism | condition in which there is excessive secretion of the sex glands |
| hypogonadism | condition in which there is under secretion of the sex glands |
| pancreatalgia | pain in the pancreas |
| exophthalmos | protrusion of the eyes out of the socket |
| thyrocele | another name for goiter (swollen thyroid gland) |
| thyromegaly | enlargement of the thyroid |
| thyroptosis | downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid |
| adrenaline, epinephrine | hormone secreted by the adrenal gland |
| Cortisol | made in the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| gluconeogenesis | formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources |
| glycolysis | breakdown of sugar; done in cells in order to release energy |
| acidemia | abnormal acidity of the blood |
| alkalemia | abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood |
| calciuria | calcium in the urine |
| chloremia | increased chloride in the blood |
| glucosuria | sugar in the urine |
| hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in the blood |
| hypercholesterolemia | excessive cholesterol in the blood |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
| hyperlipidemia | excessive fat in the blood |
| hypernatremia | excessive sodium in the blood |
| hyperphosphatemia | excessive phosphate in the blood |
| ketonuria | ketone bodies in the urine |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| uremia | presence of urinary waste in the blood |
| corticotropin | shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| glucocorticoid | hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism |
| gonadotropin | hormone that stimulates the gonads |
| insulin | hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats |
| adenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of a gland |
| adrenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland |
| glycopenia | deficiency of sugar |
| gonadogenesis | creation/development of gonads |
| metabolism | breakdown of matter into energy |
| endocrine | to secrete internally (i.e. into the bloodstream) |
| endocrinologist | specialist in internal secretions |
| exocrine | to secrete externally (through ducts to the surface of an organ, i.e. sweat glands and salivary glands |
| glycemic index | ranking of food based on the way if affects sugar levels in the blood |
| ketogenesis | creation of ketone bodies |
| thyroid function tests (TFT) | tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid |
| cholangiopancreatography | procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas |
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) | procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct |
| adenitis | inflammation of a gland |
| adenopathy | gland disease |
| adenosis | gland condition |
| dysmetabolic syndrome | combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism |
| ketosis | condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood |
| polyadenopathy | disease involving many glands |
| adrenal insufficiency | condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal gland |
| adrenocortical insufficiency | condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones |
| adrenocorticohyperplasia | overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| congenital adrenal hyperplasia | genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others |
| diabetes mellitus (DM) | metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; thus it must burn fat for energy |
| pancreatic pseudocyst | abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancrease |
| pancreatolith | stone in the pancreas |
| pancreatolithiasis | presence of a stone in the pancreas |
| hyperpituitarism | over-functioning of the pituitary gland |
| hypophysitis | inflammation of the pituitary gland |
| hypopituitarism | condition caused by the under-secretion of the pituitary gland |
| panhypopituitarism | defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland |
| pituitary infarction | death of the pituitary gland |
| hyperparathyroidism | overproduction by the parathyroid glands |
| hypoparathyroidism | underproduction by the parathyroid |
| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid |
| thyrotoxicosis | condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone (an extreme version of this is known as thyroid storm) |
| adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of a gland |
| adenoma | glandular tumor |
| adrenal adenoma | tumor of the adrenal gland |
| adrenocortical carcinoma | cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| insulinoma | tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas) |
| parathyroidoma | tumor of the parathyroid |
| pituitary adenoma | tumor on the pituitary gland |
| thyoma | tumor of the thymus |
| continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion | continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin |
| thyroidotoxin | substance poisonous to the thyroid gland |
| adenectomy | removal of a gland |
| ketogenic diet | diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body |
| thymectomy | removal of the thymus |
| adrenalectomy | removal of the adrenal gland |
| laparoscopic adrenalectomy | removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing) |
| pancreatectomy | removal of the pancreas |
| panceatolithectomy | removal of a stone in the pancreas |
| hypophysectomy | removal of the pituitary gland |
| thyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid |
| throidotomy | incision into the thyroid |
| thryroparathyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands |
| BS | Blood Sugar |
| CGM | Continuous Glucose Monitor |
| DI | Diabetes Insipidus |
| DM | Diabetes Mellitus |
| FBS | Fasting Blood Sugar |
| GDM | Gestational Diabetes mellitus |
| GH | Growth Hormone |
| GTT | Glucose Tolerance Test |
| HgA1C | hemoglobin A1C test (used by patients with diabetes to monitor blood sugar levels) |
| HRT | Hormone Replacement Therapy |
| TFT | Thyroid Function Test |
| TSH | Thyroid-Stimulating hormone (aka thyrotropin) |
| T3 | triiodothyronine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid) |
| T4 | thyroxine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid) |
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t_talks
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