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Nervous system
Pathological terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| concussion | Brain injury due to trauma. |
| coma | Abnormally deep sleep with little or no response to stimuli. |
| brain contusion | Bruising of the surface of the brain without penetration. |
| closed head trauma | brain hit skull and rebound to other side of skull |
| shaken baby syndrome | closed head trauma in young children creating potentially fatal damage |
| subdural hematoma | tumor like collection of blood caused by trauma |
| spina bifida | Congenital defect with deformity of the spinal column. |
| meningocele | In spina bifida cystica, protrusion of the spinal meninges above the surface of the skin |
| meningomyelocele | In spina bifida cystica, protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord above the surface of the skin. |
| Tay-sachs disease | Hereditary disease that causes deterioration in the central nervous system and, eventually, death |
| hydrocephalus | Overproduction of fluid in the brain. |
| dementia | Deterioration in mental capacity, usually in the elderly. |
| Alzheimer disease | A type of degenerative brain disease causing thought disorders, gradual loss of muscle control, and eventually, death. |
| amnesia | Loss of memory |
| Apraxia | Inability to properly use familiar objects. |
| agnosia | Inability to receive and understand outside stimuli. |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Lou Gehrig's disease | Degenerative disease of the motor neurons leading to loss of muscular control and death. |
| Huntington chorea | Hereditary disorder with uncontrollable, jerking movements. |
| multiple sclerosis (MS) | Degenerative disease with loss of myelin, resulting in muscle weakness, extreme fatigue, and some paralysis. |
| demyelination | Destruction of myelin sheath, particularly in multiple sclerosis. |
| gait | Manner of walking. |
| paresthesia | Abnormal sensation, such as tingling. |
| myasthenia gravis | Disease involving overproduction of antibodies that block certain neurotransmitters; causes muscle weakness. |
| Parkinson's disease | Degeneration of nerves in the brain caused by lack of sufficient dopamine. |
| dopamine | Substance in the brain or manufactured substance that helps relieve symptoms of Parkinson disease. |
| palsy | Partial or complete paralysis. |
| cerebral palsy | Congenital disease caused by damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth and resulting in lack of motor coordination. |
| Bell's palsy | Paralysis of one side of the face; usually temporary. |
| ataxia | Condition with uncoordinated voluntary muscular movement, usually resulting from disorders of the cerebellum or spinal cord. |
| epilepsy | Chronic recurrent seizure activity. |
| aura | Group of symptoms that precede a seizure. |
| absence seizures, petit mal seizures | Mild epileptic seizure consisting of brief disorientation with the environment. |
| shingles | Viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and caused by herpes zoster. |
| tonic-clonic seizures, grand mal seizures | Severe epileptic seizure accompanied by convulsions, twitching, and loss of consciousness. |
| meningitis | Inflammation of the meninges. |
| Tourette syndrome | Neurological disorder that causes uncontrollable speech sounds and tics. |
| tics | Twitching movements that accompany some neurological disorders. |
| pyrogenic meningitis | Meningitis caused by bacteria; can be fatal; bacterial meningitis. |
| bacterial meningitis | Meningitis caused by bacteria; pyrogenic meningitis. |
| viral meningitis | Meningitis caused by a virus and not as severe as pyrogenic meningitis. |
| neuritis | Inflammation of the nerves |
| myelitis | Inflammation of the spinal cord |
| encephalitis | Inflammation of the brain |
| cerebellitis | Inflammation of the cerebellum |
| gangliitis | Inflammation of the ganglion |
| radiculitis | Inflammation of the spinal nerve root |
| sciatica | 1. Pain in the lower back, usually radiating down the leg, from a herniated disk or other injury or condition. 2. Inflammation of the sciatic nerve. |
| glioma | Tumor that arises from neuroglia. |
| meningioma | Tumor that arises from the meninges. |
| astrocytoma | Type of glioma formed from astrocytes. |
| oligodengroglioma | Type of glioma formed from oligodendroglia. |
| glioblastoma multiforme | Most malignant form of glioma. |
| ganglion | Any group of nerve cell bodies forming a mass or a cyst in the peripheral nervous system; usually forms in the wrist. |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | Neurological incident caused by disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke. |
| stroke | Neurological incident caused by disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain. |
| cerebral infusion | Neurological incident caused by disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke. |
| thrombus | Blood clot; stationary blood clot in the cardiovascular system, usually formed from matter found in the blood. |
| occlusion | Blocking of a blood vessel; the closing of a blood vessel. |
| thrombotic stroke | Stroke caused by a thrombus. |
| transient ischemic attack | Short neurological incident usually not resulting in permanent injury, but usually signaling that a larger stroke may occur. |
| embolic stroke | Sudden stroke caused by an embolus. |
| embolus | Mass of foreign material blocking a vessel; clot from somewhere in the body that blocks a small blood vessel in the brain. |
| hemorrhagic stroke | Stroke caused by blood escaping from a damaged cerebral artery. |
| aneurysm | Abnormal widening of an artery wall that bursts and releases blood; ballooning of the artery wall caused by weakness in the wall. |
| dsyphasia | Speech difficulty. |
| aphasia | Loss of speech. |
| fainting, syncope | Loss of consciousness due to a sudden lack of oxygen in the brain. |
| somnolence | Extreme sleepiness caused by a neurological disorder. |
| narcolepsy | Nervous system disorder that causes uncontrollable, sudden lapses into deep sleep. |
Created by:
SViner
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