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MRT-110; Chapter 13
"the essentials of medical language"; the urinary system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| urologist | specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the urinary system |
| nephrologist | specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the kidney |
| R/CF nephr/o- | kidney |
| R/ ureter- | ureter |
| R/ urin- | urine |
| R/CF ur/o- | urinary system |
| renal cell carcinoma | most common form of kidney cancer, occurs 2x in men than women. develops in the lining cells of the renal tubules. radical nephrectomy is most common treatment |
| wilms tumor | (nephroblastoma), malignant childhood kidney tumor throughout ages 3-8. treated effectively with combo of surgery and chemotherapy |
| renal adenomas | (benign kidney tumors), usually asymptomatic, are discovered by chance, and are not life threatening. |
| hematuria | (blood in the urine), can be caused by lesions or stones anywhere in the urinary system |
| acute glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the kidney's filtration unit (the nephron). damages the glomerular capillaries and allows protein and red blood cells to leak into the urine. can develop rapidly after strep throat in children |
| chronic glomerulonephritis | can occur with no history of kidney disease and present as kidney failure. occurs in diabetic nephropathy and can be associated with autoimmune diseases like lupus erythematosus (disease of the connective tissues) |
| nephrotic syndrome | caused by different disorders that damage the kidneys, causing large amounts of protein to leak into the urine |
| interstitial nephritis | inflammation (often acute and temporary) of the kidney tissue between the renal tubules |
| pyelonephritis | infection of the renal parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis. usually occurs as part of a total urinary tract infection (UTI), beginning in the urinary bladder |
| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | inherited disease. large fluid-filled cysts grown within the kidneys and press against the kidney tissue. kidneys eventually cannot function |
| acute renal failure (ARF) | kidneys suddenly stop filtering waste products from the blood |
| chronic renal failure (CRF) | also known as chronic kidney disease (CKD). gradual loss of renal function. causes are diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease *chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome) and lead poisoning. symptoms may not appear until kidney functioning is <25% |
| uremia | complex of symptoms resulting from excess nitrogenous waste products in the blood as seen in renal failure |
| end-stage renal disease (ESRD) | kidneys are functioning <10% of their normal capacity. life cannot be maintained at this point. dialysis or kidney transplant is needed |
| dialysis | artificial method of removing waste materials and excess fluids from the blood. not a cure, but can prolong life |
| hemodialysis | filters the blood through an artificial kidney machine (dialyzer) |
| peritoneal dialysis | dialysis solution infused into and drained out of your abdominal cavity through implanted catheter. extracts wastes and excess fluid from network of capillaries in peritoneal lining |
| continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) | performed by the patient at home through an implant abdominal catheter |
| continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis | uses a machine to automatically infuse dialysis infusion into and out of the abdominal cavity during sleep |
| kidney transplant | provides a better quality of life than dialysis. donor has to match recipient's blood type, cell surface proteins, and antibodies |
| NSAID | non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| KUB | x-ray of abdomen to show kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
| IV | intravenous |
| ESWL | extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy |
| nephron | Greek; kidney |
| ARF | acute renal failure |
| CAPD | continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| CRF | chronic renal failure |
| ESRD | end stage renal disease |
| PKD | polycystic kidney disease |
| enuresis | involuntary bedwetting |
| urinary tract infection | occurs when bacteria invade and multiply in the urinary tract. bacteria's point of entry is through the urethra. female urethra is shorter and opens near the anus so bacteria from the GI tract (E.coli) can invade more easily |
| urethritis | infection of the urethra |
| cystitis | infection of the urinary bladder |
| pyelitis | infection of the renal pelvis; occurs if cystitis is left untreated |
| pyelonephritis | infection of the renal cortex and nephrons; occurs if cystitis and pyelitis is left untreated |
Created by:
Aliyamaliya
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