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MRT-110; Chapter 10

"the essentials of medical language"; nervous system and mental health

QuestionAnswer
central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system consisting of all the neurons and nerves outside the central nervous system
CNS central nervous system
PNS peripheral nervous system
sensory division (PNS) sensory nerves (afferent nerves) carry messages toward the spinal cord and brain from sense organs
motor division (PNS) motor nerves (efferent nerves) carry messages away from the spinal cord and brain to muscles and organs
ANS autonomic nervous system
CT computed tomography
EEG electroencephalogram
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
visceral motor division is also known as... autonomic nervous system (ANS)
visceral motor division carries signals to glands and to cardiac and smooth muscle. operates at a subconscious level outside your voluntary control.
sympathetic division (ANS) arouses the body for action by increasing oxygen supply to the brain and muscles
parasympathetic division (ANS) calms the body down, slowing down the heartbeat but stimulating digestion
somatic motor division carries signals to the skeletal muscles and is within your voluntary control
functions of the nervous system sensory input, motor output, evaluation and integration, homeostasis, mental activity
neurons receive stimuli and transmit impulses to other neurons and organ receptors. consists of a cell body and two types of processes (axons and dendrites)
dendrite branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli
axon single process of a nerve cell carrying nervous impulses away from the cell body
dopamine neurotransmitter
glia connective tissue that holds a structure together
myelin material of a sheath around a axon of the nerve
synapse junction between two nerve cells
brain divided into cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum
cerebrum consists of two cerebral hemispheres; also known as the brain
cerebral hemisphere divided into four lobes; frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
frontal lobe located behind the forehead, responsible for intellect and voluntary control of muscles
parietal lobe posterior to the frontal lobe, receives and interprets sensory information
temporal lobe below the frontal and parietal lobes, interprets sensory experiences
occipital lobe forms the posterior part of the hemisphere, interprets visual images
ventricles contain water cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
CSF cerebrospinal fluid
cerebrospinal fluid helps to protect, cushion, and provide nutrition for the brain and spinal cord
thalamus receives all sensory impulses and channels them to the appropriate region of the cortex for interpretation
hypothalamus regulates blood pressure, body temp, water, and electrolyte balance
brainstem relays sensory impulses from peripheral nerves to higher brain centers. controls vital cardiovascular and respiratory activities
cerebellum most posterior area of the brain, coordinates skeletal muscle activity to maintain body's posture and balance
spinal cord is divided into 4 regions; cervical, lumbar, thoracic, and sacral
cervical region 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves, supplies neck, shoulders and upper limbs
thoracic region 12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves, supplies the thoracic cage, rib movement, vertebral column movement, and postural back muscles
lumbar region 5 pairs of lumbar nerves, supplies the hips and front lower limbs
sacral region 5 pairs of sacral nerves and 1 coccygeal nerve, supplies the buttocks, genitalia, and backs of lower limbs
meninges three layer covering of the brain and spinal cord
Created by: Aliyamaliya
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