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History
Prepare for 7th Grade History Comps with these important terms.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mercantilism | the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism. |
| Zamindar | a landowner, especially one who leases his land to tenant farmers. |
| Enlightened Despot | a ruler with absolute power (a despot) who embraces Enlightenment ideals, such as the rights and liberties of individuals, and chooses to use their absolute power to better the lives of average citizens. |
| Popular Sovereignty | the principle that a government's authority comes from the people it governs, and that the government can only exercise authority with the people's permission |
| Collective Bargaining | a voluntary process where a labor organization negotiates with an employer on behalf of its employees over employment terms and conditions |
| Taiping Rebellion | a civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864 |
| Self-Strengthening Movement | a period in China from 1861 to 1895 when the Qing dynasty introduced Western technology and methods to modernize the country |
| Boxer Rebellion | a violent anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in China between 1899 and 1901 |
| Meiji Restoration | a period that marked the end of the Edo period (1603–1867) and the Tokugawa shogunate, a military government |
| Sepoy Rebellion | a major uprising in India that took place from May 10, 1857 to July 8, 1859 |
| Bolsheviks | a political party that committed to the ideas of Karl Marx and believed that the working class would eventually liberate themselves from the ruling classes' economic and political control |
| Sykes-Picot Agreement | a secret treaty signed on May 19, 1916 by British diplomat Mark Sykes and French diplomat François Georges-Picot during World War I |
| Lebensraum | the territory that a state or nation believes is needed for its natural development, especially associated with Nazi Germany |
| Warsaw Pact | a military and political alliance between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern European countries during the Cold War |
| Detente | the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries |
| Serfdom | a system in medieval Europe that bound tenant farmers to a hereditary plot of land and their landlord |
| Peter's Grand Embassy | a Russian diplomatic mission to Western Europe from 9 March 1697 to 25 August 1698 led by Peter the Great |
| Treaty of Nanking | an unequal treaty between Great Britain and the Qing dynasty of China that ended the First Opium War |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | a separate peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey |
| Reichstag Fire Decree | suspended most civil liberties in Germany, including habeas corpus, freedom of expression, freedom of the press, the right of free association and public assembly, and the secrecy of the post and telephone |
| French Indo-China | a group of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia that existed from 1887 to 1954 including Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Guangzhouwan |
| New Spain | n integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain |
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