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Ancient Rome
Vocab & notes about the History, events, & people of Rome
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of gov.t did ancient Rome have before it became a Republic? | It was ruled by a monarchy. |
| Why did the nobles choose to overthrow the king? | He was a very unpopular king due to his violence and abuse of power |
| Why did the Nobles choose to set up a Republic? | -They changed the philosophy of their gov't -They no longer wanted to allow 1 person to have unlimited power. |
| What is a republic? | a form of gov't where the citizens elect the officials who will govern them |
| A republic uses which type of democracy - direct democracy or representative democracy? | Representative democracy |
| From which Greek City-State did Rome borrow the idea of democracy? | Athens |
| Why didn't the Romans use a Direct Democracy? | .The Roman civilization was too large for that to work effectively. So, they decided to have representatives from different areas be elected as gov't. officials. |
| How was the ancient Roman republic gov't. set up? | 3 Branches I. Executive - 2 Consuls II. Legislative - Senate -300 members & Assemblies III Judicial: - 8 judges |
| Who are the Patricians? | -the elite, wealthy, landowning class. -the only members of the Senate - could serve as Consuls -paid taxes - wore togas as a sign of their social class |
| What did the Senate of Patricians do? | -the Senate elected the 2 Consuls -suggested laws for the Consuls to consider |
| What did the Consuls do? | >The Consuls shared the power and made decisions together about new laws >were advised by the Senate >Led the gov't. & commanded the Army |
| How long was the term of office for the elected Consuls? | 1 year |
| Why was the Consuls term only 1 year? | To prevent them from abusing their power and becoming dictators |
| Who were the Plebeians? | - the commoners -bakers, builders, craftsmen, artisans, or small farm owners, etc. -could only vote in person --could not hold public office -paid taxes |
| What are the 4 levels of the ancient Roman social class order? | 1. TOP - Patricians - ruling class - citizens 2. 2nd - Plebeians - working class citizens 3. 3rd - Freedmen - former slaves who are free, but not citizens 4. BOTTOM - Slaves - prisoners or war, immigrants |
| What type of religion did the Romans follow? | -They were polytheists. -They copied the Greeks but renamed most of their gods |
| Is Christianity polytheistic or monotheistic? | monotheistic |
| Why did the Romans persecute and torture the Christians? | -The Christians would not honor the polytheistic gods of Rome or swear loyalty to the Emperor. -They were seen as a threat. |
| Who was Julius Caesar? | - a great Roman general, military leader, & politician |
| How did Julius Caesar affect the Roman government? | - He ended the Roman Republic when he declared himself "Emperor for Life" |
| Why was Caesar Killed? | Caesar Declared himself dictator of Rome He was becoming too powerful. |
| How did Emperor Constantine affect religion in ancient Rome? | -Constantine stopped the persecution of Christians. -He made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. |
| What caused the decline and Fall of the Roman Empire? | -civil wars and corrupt Emperors -Invasions from outsiders, especially from the North. -Local governors became more powerful -Taxes were too high -Disease killed many Romans & weakened the army. |
| Monarchy | a form of gov't. where a king /queen is the head of the state (country) >Has absolute power >Usually comes from a dynasty |
| Rome's 1st form of Gov't, | Monarchy |
| Republic | >a form of democracy in which the citizens elect representatives who govern them. > Reps. are trusted to make important decisions in the best interests of the people they serve |
| Assembly (Legislative Branch) | -all male Roman citizens -elected Consuls & judges -declared war -voting stopped when 193 votes were achieved for or against |
| Consul (Executive Branch) | The Executive Branch > one of 2 Elected Magistrates in Rome >elected by the Assembly >served one year terms >could become a dictator for 6 months in times of emergencies |
| Judicial Branch | >consisted of 8 judges >oversaw courts >governed the provinces >elected to 1 year term |
| Veto | >to prohibit or block certain laws or actions from taking place >Consuls could veto each other >Assembly, could veto the Consuls (eventually) |
| Senate (Legislative Branch) | The Legislative Branch >Roman council of powerful & wealthy men who advised the Consuls >300-600 members >served for life >controlled taxes >set foreign policy >only place laws were debated |
| Dictator | a ruler with complete control or absolute power (Ex) Julius Caesar |
| Romulus & Remus | Twin brothers who founded cities on the Italian peninsula |
| Romulus | >Founded Rome >Named it after himself |
| How did the Roman Empire expand? | >Roman generals conquered all the civilizations & city-states around the Mediterranean Sea >Each territory became a province of Rome > |
| Roman Empire | Vast kingdom with territories on parts of 3 continents, Europe, Asia and Africa |
| Legion | organized groups of soldiers |
| Punic Wars | >Wars between Rome and the city-state of Carthage for control of the Mediterranean Sea trade region >Took hundreds of years for Rome to defeat Carthage |
| province | >a territory controlled by Rome >mini-Romes were built in multiple cities |
| Augustus | >The 1st emperor of the Roman Empire >Pax Romana began during his reign >defeated Marc Antony and Cleopatra to claim the throne >Made many Improvements to society |
| Pax Romana | >200 year period of peace & stability within the Roman Empire >marked by many advancements |
| Roman Inventions and Technology | Many Inventions improved daily life & are still used today. 1. aqueducts 2.plumbing 3. cranes 4. concrete 5. glass blowing |
| Influence of the Latin Language | Latin is the root of many English words & the Romance Languages |
| Romance Languages | Based on Latin 1. Italian 2. French 3. Spanish |
| "All Roads Lead to Rome" | >Romans constructed over 50,000 miles of roads (ex) Appian Way - parts still exist today > made it easier to move the legions and to trade goods >also led to cultural diffusion as traders encountered new cultures >roads became the basis for modern roads and railways throught Europe |
| Roman Architecture | >Able to build larger structures due to their invention of concrete >advanced design with their use of Arches, Domes and Vaults Arches -> aqueducts & the Colosseum |
| Roman Military Organization | >army was made up of professional soldiers who were well-organized & a disciplined fighting force >Roman military strategies became models that were studied bu future army commanders |
| Laws of the 12 Tables | >Roman legal code >Developed concept of innocent till proven guilty >Developed a legal system with courts, judges, jurors & lawyers |
| Aqueducts | >Carried H2O long distances (40 miles) to supply Roman cities with water for fountains & Bathhouses |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
Ms. Fernan
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