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Ancient Rome

Vocab & notes about the History, events, & people of Rome

QuestionAnswer
1. Dictator a ruler with complete control or absolute power (Ex) a king (Tarquin) or Emperor (Julius Caesar)
2. Rome's 1st form of Gov't. Monarchy
3. Monarchy  a form of gov't. where a king /queen is the top leader of the country  Has absolute power  Usually comes from a dynasty
4. What type of gov.t did ancient Rome have before it became a Republic? a monarchy.
5. Why did the nobles choose to overthrow the king? King Tarquin was a very unpopular king due to his violence and abuse of power.
6. Why did the Nobles choose to set up a Republic?  They changed the philosophy of their gov't.  They no longer wanted to allow 1 person to have unlimited power.
7. What is a republic?  a type of democratic gov’t. in which the citizens elect representatives who govern them.  Reps. are trusted to make important decisions in the best interests of the people they serve  Pass laws and create taxes
8. A republic uses which type of democracy - direct democracy or representative democracy? Representative democracy
9. From which Greek City-State did Rome borrow the idea of democracy? Athens
10. Why didn't the Romans use a Direct Democracy? Roman civilization had too large a population and landmass for that to work effectively. So, they decided to have representatives from different areas be elected as gov't. officials
11. Who are the Patricians?  the elite, wealthy, landowning class that voted  the only members of the Senate  could serve as Consuls  paid taxes  wore togas as a sign of their social class
12. Who were the Plebeians?  the commoners  bakers, builders, craftsmen, artisans, or small farm owners, etc.  could only vote in person  could not hold public office  paid taxes
13. What are the 4 levels of the ancient Roman social class order? 1. TOP - Patricians - ruling class – Noble citizens 2. 2nd - Plebeians - working class citizens 3. 3rd - Freedmen - former slaves who are free, but not citizens 4. BOTTOM - Slaves - prisoners of war, immigrants
14. How was the ancient Roman republic gov't. set up? 3 Branches: I. Executive - 2 Consuls II. Legislative - Senate -300 members & Assemblies III Judicial: - 8 judges
15. Consuls (Executive Branch) The Executive Branch  2 Elected Consuls  elected by the Assembly  served one-year terms  could become a dictator for 6 months in times of emergencies
16. What did the Consuls do?  Consuls shared power and made decisions together about new laws  Were advised by the Senate  Led the gov't. & commanded the Army  Could veto each other’s ideas
17. How long was the term of office for the elected Consuls? 1 year
18. Why was the Consuls term only 1 year? To prevent them from abusing their power and becoming dictators
19. Senate (Legislative Branch)  Roman council of powerful & wealthy men who advised the Consuls  300-600 members  only place laws were debated  served for life  controlled taxes  set foreign policy
20. Assembly (Legislative Branch)  all male Roman citizens  elected Consuls & judges  declared war
21. Veto  to prohibit or block certain laws or actions from taking place  Consuls could veto each other  Assembly could veto the Consuls (eventually)
22. Judicial Branch  consisted of 8 judges  elected to 1 year term
23. Laws of the 12 Tables  Roman legal code  Developed concept of innocent till proven guilty  Developed a legal system with courts, judges, lawyers & jurors
24.Who was Julius Caesar? a great Roman general, military leader, & politician
25. How did Julius Caesar affect the Roman government? He ended the Roman Republic when he declared himself "Emperor for Life"
26. Why was Caesar Killed? Caesar was becoming too powerful after he declared himself the dictator of Rome
27. Roman Empire Vast kingdom with territories on parts of 3 continents - Europe, Asia and Africa
28. How did the Roman Empire expand?  Roman generals conquered all the civilizations & city-states around the Mediterranean Sea & Western Europe  Each territory became a province of Rome.
29. province  A foreign territory controlled by Rome  mini-Romes were built in multiple cities
30. "All Roads Lead to Rome"  Romans constructed over 50,000 miles of roads (ex) Appian Way - parts still exist today  made it easier to move the legions and to trade goods  led to cultural diffusion as traders encountered new cultures  roads became the basis for modern roads & railways throughout Europe
31. Legion organized groups of soldiers
32. Augustus  The 1st emperor of the Roman Empire  Pax Romana began during his reign  Made many Improvements to society
33. Pax Romana  200-year period of peace & stability within the Roman Empire  marked by many advancements
34. Roman Inventions and Technology Many Inventions improved daily life & are still used today. 1. aqueducts 2. concrete 3. plumbing 4. glass blowing 5. cranes
35. Roman Architecture  Able to build larger structures due to the invention of concrete  advanced design with their use of Domes & Arches (aqueducts & the Colosseum)
36. Aqueducts Carried H2O long distances (40 miles) to supply Roman cities with water for fountains & Bathhouses
37. What type of religion did the Romans follow?  They were polytheists.  They copied the Greeks but renamed most of their gods
38. Is Christianity polytheistic or monotheistic?  Monotheistic  They followed Jesus, a Jewish man who said he was the Messiah
39. Why did the Romans persecute and torture the Christians?  The Christians would not honor the polytheistic gods of Rome or swear loyalty to the Emperor.  They were seen as a threat.
40. How did Emperor Constantine affect religion in ancient Rome?  Constantine stopped the persecution of Christians.  He converted & made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.
41. What caused the decline and Fall of the Roman Empire?  corrupt Emperors  Taxes & inflation were too high  Invasions from outsiders  Disease killed many Romans (900,000+) & weakened the army.
Created by: Ms. Fernan
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