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The Cold War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Potsdam Conference | Conference of the "Big Three" after the defeat of Nazi Germany. US told the UK and the Soviets they had an atomic bomb. Stalin refused to grant independence to his new territories, but promised "free" elections (it never happened). |
| Satellite Nations | Countries controlled by the Soviet Union (USSR). |
| Iron Curtain | Separation of Europe. Shows countries under the influence of the USSR and the US. NOT a physical wall. |
| Superpowers | Russia/USSR/Soviet Union & the USA. |
| Domino Theory | The idea that if one country becomes communist, the surrounding countries will follow. |
| Division of Germany | Eastern side of Germany: Soviet's territory Western side of Germany: US, UK, France |
| Truman Doctrine | US policy to help any democratic country around the world to resist communism. Sent $400 million to Greece and Turkey. |
| Marshall Plan | Offered help and finances to ALL European countries (including the Communist countries). $13 billion. |
| Berlin Blockade | Stalin decided to create a Blockade between East and West Berlin to prevent supplying to the West. |
| Berlin Airlift | 1948-1949, made to supply the West. "Operation Vittles" (Over 200,000 flights). |
| Berlin | City of Germany that was divided between the Allies and the USSR. |
| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Countries under the security of the US. |
| Warsaw Pact | The equivalent of North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Countries under the security of the Soviet Union |
| Kitchen Debate | 1959, took place in a kitchen model. A debate of communism and capitalism between Nikita Khrushchev and Vice President Richard Nixon. |
| Hungarian Uprising | Where students and workers issued 16 points and took the streets of Budapest, the capital city of Hungary. |
| Korean War | War between North (communists) and the South in a country of Eastern Asia. North is heavily supported by the Chinese while the NATO (mostly US) helped the South. |
| Space Race | A competition between the two superpowers on who had the best technology in space. For awhile, the Soviets were on the lead, until an Apollo mission led the US to win. |
| Yuri Gagarin | In 1961, the Soviet Union launched the first human into space. |
| U-2 Spy Plane | An American plane caught and shot by the USSR after spot on Soviet air space. The CIA had been secretly spying on the Russians to see "what was going on behind the Iron Curtain". |
| Berlin Wall | Built by Communist Government of East Berlin on August 12th and 13th of 1961 to prevent people from fleeing to West Berlin. |
| Bay of Pigs Invasion | A force of Cuban exiles, trained by the CIA, aided by the US Government to overthrow communist government Fidel Castro. Attempt failed. |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | The US installed nuclear missile sites in Turkey and Italy, so the Soviets did the same in Cuba. Kennedy put Cuba under "quarantine", but was soon settled after secretly negotiating with Khrushchev to remove their nuclear missile sites. |
| Apollo Moon Landing | Apollo 11, On July 16 1969. First humans landed on the moon: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins. |
| SALT I | Froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels. Signed by President Nixon and Soviet President Leonid Brezhnev. |
| SALT II | Reductions in strategic weapons. |
| Vietnam War | War between North Communist government and South government of a country in Southeast Asia. North supported by the USSR and the Chinese. |
| Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan | 1979 invasion by the Soviet Red Army. War fought between Afghanistan rebels called the "Mujahideen" and the Soviet supported Afghanistan government. There was no success for the Soviets. |
| SDI/Star Wars | Proposed plan by President Ronald Reagan. US response to possible nuclear attacks to shoot down enemy missiles. |
| Fall of Berlin Wall | In 1987 President Ronald Reagan asked Mikhail Gorbachev to "Tear down this wall". The Soviets lost control over East, and on November 9, 1989, the borders opened. |
| Detente | French of "Release of tension". Time period in 1970's where the relations between the US and the Soviets began to improve. |
| Proxy War | The Soviets and the US did NOT directly go to war. |
| Glasnost | A new era where public discussions of Soviet problems were more opened. |
| Perestroika | Radical reforms by Gorbachev. |
| Nationalist Movements | Communist countries that wanted their independence. |
| August Coup | A group of conservative leaders arrested Gorbachev and tried to seize power, but Boris Yeltsin, president of the Russian Republic resisted rebel forces in Moscow. |
| Boris Yeltsin | 1990-2000. President of the Soviet Union during its fall, and is to be succeeded by Vladimir Putin. |
| German Reunification | On October 3, 1990, the Christian democrats allowed Germany to reunite. |
| Harry S. Truman | 1945–1953, vice president that succeeded after the death of president Roosevelt. The first order of business was to rebuild Europe. (Truman Doctrine). |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | 1953–1961, president after Truman. |
| John F. Kennedy | 1961–1963. Present during the building of the Berlin wall, Bay of Pigs, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. |
| Richard Nixon | 1969–1974, vice president that took power after JFK. |
| Ronald Reagan | 1981–1989, leader after Nixon during the last moments of the Cold War. |
| Margaret Thatcher | 1979-1990, First woman to be Prime Minister of UK. She is also known as "Margaret Thatcher the Milk Snatcher" after the elimination of the free milk program for students over the age of seven. "Iron Lady". |
| Joseph Stalin | 1929-1953, Dictator of Russia during World War II and the early stages of the Cold War. |
| Nikita Khrushchev | 1958-1964, leader after Stalin. Initiated "De-Stalinization" and approved the construction of the Berlin Wall. |
| Leonid Brezhnev | Leader of the Soviet Union in 1964-1982. |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Last Leader of the Soviet Union in 1990-1991. |
| Statsi | Secret police |
| Erich Honecker | 1971-1982, head of Communist Party in East Germany. Used secret police (Statsi) to maintain his power for 18 years. |
| Containment | US policy to stop the spread of communism around the world. |
| Sputnik | First satellite launched into space by the Soviet Union |
Created by:
zoey elle lim
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