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AP World Vocabulary

AP World Vocabulary Units 5-9

TermDefinition
Pueblo Rebellion An organized revolt of Indians against Spanish Rule in New Mexico in 1680 since they endured forced Catholicism, severe punishments, and burning of their land. Forced Spanish to flee and removed the traces of Christian baptism.
Montesquieu Enlightenment thinker that became an influential lawyer, political thinker, and author. Argued that the citizenry of a state had agreed with the government to obey its authority in exchange for protection and law-based rights.
American Revolution Lasted from 1775-1783 with the colonists securing victory. Transported Enlightenment ideas into a revolution and laid the groundwork for the French Revolution.
French Revolution King Louie XIV's poor economic policies, an expanding distribution of wealth, and a series of ruinous crop failures led to this revolution. Third estate/ National Assembly demanded reform.
Reign of Terror Period in French Revolution where a series of massacres and public executions took place of counter-revolutionary suspects.
A Vindication of the Rights of Women Mary Wollstonecraft used Enlightenment ideals regarding freedom and equality to argue that women deserved the same fundamental rights as men. Became a symbol of feminist movements in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Social Darwinism Sociological theory that states that everyone is subject to the same laws of natural selection as plants and animals (survival of the fittest). Used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, racism, and encouraged industrialization.
Spheres of Influence Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but don't govern directly (Europe/U.S to China). Nations exerted their influence and control in order to gain benefits.
Karl Marx German philosopher that inspired the foundation of many communist regimes and revolutionary movements in the 20th century.
Marxism The idea that the rise and fall of societies stems from a series of class struggles rooted in capitalist modes of production and that the value of a commodity was determined by the average number of labor hours necessary to produce it.
Convict Labor Criminals were forced into public service and manual labor in harsh conditions.
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Suspended Chinese immigration for 10 years and declared Chinese immigrants ineligible for naturalization. Prevented the US from receiving labor from a substantial source.
Great Depression US stock market collapsed in 1929, which led to declines in income and production as buying and selling slowed down and unemployment increased. Countries raised tariffs and America stopped engaging with Europe
Facism Form of nationalism with dictatorial centralized power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Popular in Europe during 20th century and led to WWI and WWII (Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini).
Paris Peace Conference International meeting held in January 1919 at Versailles and established peace after WWI. Britain, France, US, and Italy created Treaty of Versailles, which argued for the construction of a League of Nations.
Holocaust Methodical plan made by Hitler during WWII to ensure Aryan supremacy.
Russian Revolution of 1917 Grown tired of the corrupt tsar regime and revolution occurred. The first one toppled the imperial government, and the second placed the Bolsheviks (revolutionary Marxist faction founded by Vladimir Lenin) in power along with Joseph Stalin.
Nationalism A strong feeling of pride and devotion toward one's country, but it can lead to war.
Spanish Civil War After a coalition of Socialists and Communists was elected to run the country, a revolt occurred in 1936 and led my Francisco Franco, gained support from Germany and began launching assaults to government forces who relied on Russia's aid. Franco won.
Indian National Congress Led by Mohandas Gandhi and advocated nonviolent resistance against the British ruling India and passed reform actions. Some of the party boycotted the import of British goods and promoted Indian-made goods.
Decolonization Undoing of colonialism where a nation establishes and maintains its domination overseas. Between 1945 and 1960, nearly 36 dozen new states in Asia and Africa achieved autonomy or outright independence from their European colonial rulers.
Ho Chi Minh Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader during Vietnam War and mimicked other decolonization efforts.
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict UN decided to divide British mandate of Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state and as a result, both Jewish and Arab forces committed violence upon each other.
Proxy Wars Majority of military outbreaks after WWII. Armed conflict between two states which act on the instigation or on behalf of other parties that are not directly involved. Allow national powerhouses to compete with each other without directly competing.
Military-Industrial Complex President Dwight D. Eisenhower used this in his 1961 presidential address to the nation and warned that technology companies could easily profit off of war and encourage war for more profit.
Pan-Africanism An intellectual movement of the 20th and 21st centuries that is built around that all people of African descent have a shared history. Finds empowerment in African identity and surges black empowerment movements and ideologies.
Green Revolution Revolution in technology of agriculture and how food was being produced and grown. New disease-resistant crops were being developed, and nations were able to feed their populations, leading to growing agriculture industry and increased access to food.
World Health Organization Specialized agency established in 1948 of the UN responsible for public health. Advocates for universal healthcare, monitoring public health risks, coordinating responses to health emergencies, and promoting human health and well-being.
North American Free Trade Agreement Agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the US and created trilateral trade in North America. Eliminated most tariffs on products traded between the countries, with a focus on liberalizing trade in agriculture, textiles, and automobile manufacturing.
Created by: o.t.2001
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