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APWH Unit 1
APWH Terms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
State | An organized political community |
Song Dynasty | Dynasty that ruled China throughout ancient history |
Civil Service Exam | Song Dynasty exam that you had to pass in order to serve in the government. |
Neo-Confucianism | The revamp of Confucianism by the Song Dynasty that helped legitimize power |
Confucianism Ideas | Society is hierarchal. Superiors and inferiors. Women must obey men, men must obey kings, kings must obey Gods. Harmony depended on these relationships. |
Filial Piety | Emphasized the need for children to obey and honor older parents, figures, and ancestors |
Shoe-Binding | A form of oppression for women in China. Was very popular in elite social circles. |
Korea's adaptations from China | Adopted the Civil Service Exam and Buddhism |
Basic Beliefs of Buddhism | Four Noble Truths. Suffering is the pain, desire is the cause. Reincarnation, eventually achieve Nirvana. |
Theravada Buddhism | Serious Buddhists, lived in secluded monasteries and focused on achieving Nirvana. |
Mahayana Buddhism | Occurred in East Asia, encouraged everyday people to become Buddhist. |
Economy of Song China | Quickly commercialized, sold porcelain and silk. Also had iron and steel centers. |
Grand Canal | Built in China, greatly helped facilitate trade. |
Champa Rice | Introduced to Song Dynasty from Vietnam, much easier to grow and harvest in larger amounts. Caused huge population boom |
Monotheistic Religion | Included Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. All were practiced in Dar-Al-Islam |
Abbasid Caliphate | Had begun to dissolve by 1200, was eventually destroyed by the Mongols. |
New Islamic Political Entities | Those that replaced the Abbasid caliphate were ethnically Turk not Arab |
Seljuik Empire | Were Turks who initially were enlisted to help the dying Abbasid Caliphate, ended up creating their own empire |
Sharia Law | Legal code based on Quran. |
Inventions of Dar-Al-Islam | Trigonometry, created House of Wisdom which translated ancient Greek texts about philosophy and medicine |
Expansions in the Islamic World | Empires spread through military expansions (Seljuiks), Islam was spread through merchants and missionaries. |
3 Main Religions in Asia | Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism |
Delhi Sultanate | Caused Islam to become a religion of the elite. Majority of the population was Hindu. |
Khmer Empire | Began as a Hindu empire, but eventually adopted Buddhism, |
Aztec Empire | Decentralized rule, expanded across Southern America. Conquered peoples were sometimes enslaved as well as forced to pay tribute. |
Incan Empire | The Inca's had an elaborate bureaucracy that controlled many farming regions. They were highly centralized in how they ruled. |
Mississippian Culture | Built mounds unique to their culture and focused heavily on agriculture. |
Swahili Civilization | Grew powerful due to Indian-Ocean Trade. Language was a blend of Bantu and Arabic. Very influenced by merchants from Dar-Al-Islam. |
Ghana, Mali, Songhay | Powerful and highly centralized. Elites of these societies were Islam, but subjects often believed in native religions. |
Hausa Kingdom | Decentralized city states, acted as brokers in the Trans-Saharan trade. |
Great Zimbabwe | Became wealthy due to trade, farming, and cattle herding. (Same to other African nations) But most rulers never adopted Islam. (Different) |
Ethiopia | Same: Grew through trade, had a monarchy, and strict hierarchy Different: They were Christians |
Byzantine Empire | Powerful empire in the east, practiced Orthodox Christianity |
Roman Catholicism | Mainly practiced in the west, was the most powerful entity following the fall of Rome |
Islam: In the West? | Mainly practiced in the Iberian peninsula |
Jews in the West | Faced much anti-semitism |
Feudalism | Powerful lords gained allegiance from poor people (vassals). Vassals got land in exchange for military service. |
Manorialism | Economic system where peasants were bound to the land and worked in exchange for the Lord's protection. |
Serfdom | Those tied to the land. |