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Eye and Ear patho
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Cataract | Clouding of lens from abnormal protein deposits. |
What type of disease is Cataract? | Idiopathic |
Can animals get Cataract? | Yes |
What are the symptoms of Cataract? | Cloudy, blurred, impaired vision |
Can you live with Cataract? | Yes, if it is mild |
What is the tx for Cataract? | Tx is surgery, which is very successful and easy. Replacing the lens with a cadaverous one, |
Who does Cataract happen to? | Don't know who is going to get this. it is believed that it is a predisposition if your family member has it. |
Diabetic Retinopathy | Ruptured capillaries inside of eye from untreated diabetes that can result in progressive vision loss |
How do you diagnose Diabetic Retinopathy? | Look at the retina with the ophthalmoscope |
Ectropion | Eversion of the eyelid (turns outward) |
Entropion | Inversion of the eyelid (turns inward) |
In what scenario should you get surgery for entropion? | If it gets to the point where your lashes pokes your eye |
What type of disease is Ectropion and Entropion? | Idiopathic |
In who does Ectropion occur? | Older people |
Glaucoma | Disease where intraocular pressure causes damage to the retina and optic nerve if left untreated. Can resort in blindness |
What are the symptoms of Glaucoma? | There are typically no symptoms, unless the pressure gets really high. |
What type of disease is Glaucoma? | Idiopathic |
What is the tx for Glaucoma? | Eye drops |
Hordeolum | Inflammation of an oil gland in the eyelid (stye) |
Macular Degeneration | Progressive, age related deterioration of the macula, or fovea centralis |
What is the sx of Macular Degeneration? | Lose ability to see the most clearly |
Refractive Disorder | Disorder of irregularly shaped cornea or lens that affects the way light enters the eye and also the shape of the eye |
Astigmatism | Defective curvature of cornea producing blurred vision. Light does not bend properly |
Hyperopia | Condition of shortened eyeball shape; results in farsightedness, can't see up close |
What is farsightedness? | Where you cannot see up close, but can see things in the distance. |
Myopia | Condition of elongated eyeball shape that results in nearsightnedness |
What is nearsightedness? | Where you can see things up close, but cannot see things in the distance |
Presbyopia | Far sightedness in old people from reduced elasticity in lens |
In who does Presbyopia occur? | People of old age |
Retinal detachment | Emergency condition of eye which the retina spontaneously pulls away from the choroid layer of blood vessels. |
What will happen if Retinal detachment is not treated IMMEDIATELY? | Blindness |
Does Retinal Detachment cause pain? | No |
Strabismus | Misalignment of eyes d/t muscle weakness. Cross eyed |
Acoustic Neuroma | Benign tumor that grows on the auditory nerve; results in hearing loss, ringing in ear, balance problems |
Can you treat acoustic neuroma? | No, because it is in an inoperable area, the pt just has to live with it |
Cholesteatoma | A cyst in the middle ear consisting of skin cells and serumen. Can damage ossicles without tx |
Can you treat Cholesteatoma? | Yes, because it is in an operable area |
Conductive deafness | Due to ossicles not functioning properly, d/t scarring of the joints. (overuse and abuse) difficult to hear something at a low decibel |
What is the tx for Conductive deafness? | Hearing aid |
How do hearing aids work? | They amplify low sounds and don't do anything to loud sounds. |
Nerve deafness | from damage to cochlea or auditory nerve... or you are born with this type. AKA Sensorineural hearing loss |
What is the tx for nerve deafness? | Cochlear implant, if you are a candidate for it |
Where is a cochlear implant placed? | It is drilled into the cranium |
What needs to be in tact in order to get a cochlear implant? | The nerve |
Impacted cerumen | Wax gets so concentrated and stuck deep in the canal. Can be a problem for hearing. |
Meniere's disease | Back up of fluid in cochlea and canals producing vertigo. |
What is the tx for Meniere's disease | There is no tx, although medicine can be given to help with nauseousness and anxiety. Ex. Xanax, antiemetic |
What do audiologists say the maximum decibel is for the ear to get and stay healthy? | 85 decibels |
Tinnitus | Ringing in ear |
Vertigo | Dizziness |
Otitis media | Ear infection. Is a problem of the inner ear, usu children. |
What is the tx for Otitis media? | "Tubes" Myringotomy; draining tube |
Why are children more susceptible for ear infection? | Because their Eustachian tube is more horizontal instead of vertical |
Augesia | Absence of taste |
Anosmia | Absence of smell |
Dysgeusia | Difficulty tasting |
Hyperosmia | Excessive smell |
Hyposmia | Deficient smell |
Neuropathy | Disease of nerves |
Ishihara Color Vision Test | Check for color blindness. The circles with colored numbers in them |
Visual Acuity test | Snellen test, chart. The chart with letters progressively getting smaller |
Audiometry | Headphones with beep test, sound proof booth |
LASIK | Laser in Situ Keratotomy; laser correction of refractive disorders |
Ophthalmoscope | Instrument used to see inside the eye |
Visual field test | H in space, pin, wiggly fingers, check to see field of vision |
Otoscope | Instrument used to look inside ear |
Otorhinolaryngologist | ENT ear, nose, throat doctor. MD that does all surgery |
Audiologist | Masters degree, prescribes hearing aids, does tests, can be independent. Isn't a doctor. CANNOT give surgery or prescription medicine |