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Unit 4 terms
S.S
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Arabic | Semitic language spoken and written in a wide arc of territory, stretching across the Middle East, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa |
| agnostic | a position stating that the existence of God can't be proven |
| Ahimsa | In Hinduism, it is the principle of nonviolence against all living things |
| atheism | a position stating that there is no God or gods |
| Brahma | In Hinduism, the god (deva) of creation |
| Buddha | Hindu for “enlightened one". The founder of Buddhism: Siddhartha Gautama |
| Buddhism | Buddhism developed in India, and is a belief in an endless cycle of reincarnation, or samsara, which is similar to beliefs of Hinduism |
| Christianity | This monotheistic religion developed from Judaism and believes Jesus died for our sins, was buried, was resurrected, and thereby offers salvation to all who will receive Him in faith |
| demographics | the statistical data of a population such as average age, income, education |
| dharma | The act of fulfilling one's duty in life. Associated with Hinduism and Buddhism |
| Eightfold Path | Code of behavior for followers of Buddhism. |
| Five Pillars of Islam | Code of behavior for followers of Islam. |
| Four Noble Truths | Siddhartha Gautama’s philosophy of the nature of human suffering and its relation to desire, found in Buddhist beliefs. |
| Golden Rule | a rule of conduct to “do to others as you would have them do to you” found in many religions |
| hajj | the pilgrimage or holy journey to the city of Mecca |
| Hebrew | Semitic language originating in ancient Palestine and spoken by the Israelites. Modern Hebrew was developed in the 19th and 20th centuries from the ancient written language |
| Hinduism | A polytheistic religion that believes salvation is achieved through a spiritual oneness of the soul, atman, with the ultimate reality of the universe, Brahma |
| Holy Land | term given to land found in present day Israel that is significant to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam |
| Holy Trinity | Formed by the Creator (Father), Redeemer (Son), and Sustainer (Holy Spirit). Christians believe that these three entities are all part of a single higher power |
| Imam | In Islam, the leader of prayers and a religious scholar |
| Islam | The youngest of the world's major monotheistic religions. Worshipers of this monotheistic religion are known as Muslims, which means "one who submits to the will of Allah" |
| jihad | effort in God’s service waged by Muslims in defense of the Islamic faith |
| Judaism | Judaism is the oldest known monotheistic religion that teaches that there is one God who is the creator of all things. It is the basis for more recently developed religions such as Christianity and Islam. |
| karma | Actions in this life result from the consequences of a previous life’s actions. Associated with Hinduism and Buddhism. |
| messiah | According to the Hebrew Bible, an anointed king who will lead the Jews back to the land of Israel and establish justice in the world. According to the Christians, the Messiah was Jesus Christ |
| monotheism | the belief in one god or goddess |
| mosque | a domed Islamic religious building and place of worship/prayer |
| New Testament | sacred scripture of Christians, a collection of Christian works written in the common Greek language of the first century, at different times by various writers |
| Nirvana | in Buddhism, it means spiritual enlightenment |
| nonpartisan | not biased- especially toward any particular political group |
| polytheism | the belief in many gods or goddesses |
| Pope | the bishop of Rome; head of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Quran | Islamic holy book verbally revealed from Allah (God in Arabic) to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. Considered a book of guidance for life by Muslims. |
| Rabbi | Jewish scholar charged with conducting religious services, ensuring that Jewish laws are observed, and serving as a spiritual guide for the community. |
| Ramadan | The ninth month of the Muslim calendar. All Muslims must fast during daylight hours, except the very young or sick. |
| reincarnation | the rebirth of a soul into another body |
| religion | a person's beliefs concerning the existence and worship of a god or gods, and divine involvement in the universe and human life |
| sacraments | Christian religious practices such as baptism, communion and confirmation |
| sacred | worthy of, or regarded with, religious worship, and/or respect |
| Talmud | the collection of Jewish writings that is the basis of Jewish religious law |
| Torah | The holy book of Judaism. It describes the creation of the world, the history of ancient Israel, the Ten Commandments, and contains the Psalms and the prophetic books (Old Testament) |
| Upanishads | Hindu holy book from the 8th century BCE that contains revealed truths concerning the nature of ultimate reality while describing the character and form of human salvation |
| Vedas | a Hindu holy book which is a collection of Aryan hymns that were transmitted orally before being written down in the 6th century BCE. |
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