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Chapter 14
Key concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Typically, what percentage of a sample of human blood is made up of red blood cells? | 45% |
| What are the formed elements? | red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
| In addition to other factors, percentage of body fat has an influence on determining blood volume? | percentage of body fat |
| What type of formed element is most abundant? | red blood cells |
| What type of blood cell is concave and lacks a nucleus when they are mature? | red blood cells |
| Which cell type is an agranulocyte? | lymphocyte/monocyte |
| Which statement describes platelets? | small cytoplasmic fragments |
| What is the primary function of lymphocytes? | acts against foreign substances |
| In the absence of ___________ vitamin B12 is poorly absorbed. This deficiency can affect red blood cell production. | intrinsic factor |
| Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the breakdown of ____________ | hemoglobin |
| What is the order of the breakdown products of hemoglobin? | Hemoglobin> heme> biliverdin> bilirubin |
| Iron is a component of what substance? | heme |
| Which of the formed elements releases seratonin? | platelets |
| Which of the following functions as a phagocyte? | monocyte/neutrophils |
| How does heparin prevent the clotting of blood? | it inhibits the formation of prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fibrinogen |
| Cyanosis occurs when the blood concentration of ___________ is abnormally high. | deoxyhemoglobin |
| What is the underlying cause of sickle cell disease? | a genetic mutation/ abnormal hemoglobin |
| What form of anemia is caused by destruction of bone marrow? | Aplastic anemia |
| What type of white blood cell is important in immunity? | monocytes/lymphocytes |
| What is diapedesis? | the movement of white blood cells through blood vessel walls |
| Following an injury, what stimulates the blood vessels in the area to spasm? | seratonin released by platelets |
| The hormone ____________ controls red blood cell production via a ___________ feedback mechanism. | erythropoietin, negative |
| Which statement refers to blood platelets? | cytoplasmic fragments of cells |
| Creatine is an example of what type of plasma component? | nonprotein nitrogenous substances |
| Plasma electrolytes include ________ | magnesium, phosphate, sulfate, chloride and potassium ions |
| What is the difference between serum and plasma? | plasma contains fibrinogen, serum does not |
| A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is called a(n) __________ | thrombus |
| Prothrombin time is a blood test used to evaluate the _______ | extrinsic clotting mechanism |
| Thrombocytopenia is due to a deficiency of ________ | platelets |
| What is released by platelets as a platelet plug forms? | seratonin |
| What is the enzyme that catalyzes the activation of fibrin? | prothrombin |
| What type of antigens are found on the surface of red blood cells of a person with type AB blood? | antigens A and B |
| What determines an individuals blood type? | proteins (antigens) on the surface of RBC |
| In what situation might erythroblastosis fetalis occur? | if a woman with anti Rh antibodies becomes pregnant with a Rh positive fetus (2nd time) |
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