Key concepts
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| Typically, what percentage of a sample of human blood is made up of red blood cells? | 45%
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| What are the formed elements? | red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
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| In addition to other factors, percentage of body fat has an influence on determining blood volume? | percentage of body fat
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| What type of formed element is most abundant? | red blood cells
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| What type of blood cell is concave and lacks a nucleus when they are mature? | red blood cells
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| Which cell type is an agranulocyte? | lymphocyte/monocyte
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| Which statement describes platelets? | small cytoplasmic fragments
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| What is the primary function of lymphocytes? | acts against foreign substances
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| In the absence of ___________ vitamin B12 is poorly absorbed. This deficiency can affect red blood cell production. | intrinsic factor
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| Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the breakdown of ____________ | hemoglobin
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| What is the order of the breakdown products of hemoglobin? | Hemoglobin> heme> biliverdin> bilirubin
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| Iron is a component of what substance? | heme
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| Which of the formed elements releases seratonin? | platelets
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| Which of the following functions as a phagocyte? | monocyte/neutrophils
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| How does heparin prevent the clotting of blood? | it inhibits the formation of prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fibrinogen
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| Cyanosis occurs when the blood concentration of ___________ is abnormally high. | deoxyhemoglobin
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| What is the underlying cause of sickle cell disease? | a genetic mutation/ abnormal hemoglobin
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| What form of anemia is caused by destruction of bone marrow? | Aplastic anemia
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| What type of white blood cell is important in immunity? | monocytes/lymphocytes
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| What is diapedesis? | the movement of white blood cells through blood vessel walls
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| Following an injury, what stimulates the blood vessels in the area to spasm? | seratonin released by platelets
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| The hormone ____________ controls red blood cell production via a ___________ feedback mechanism. | erythropoietin, negative
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| Which statement refers to blood platelets? | cytoplasmic fragments of cells
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| Creatine is an example of what type of plasma component? | nonprotein nitrogenous substances
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| Plasma electrolytes include ________ | magnesium, phosphate, sulfate, chloride and potassium ions
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| What is the difference between serum and plasma? | plasma contains fibrinogen, serum does not
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| A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is called a(n) __________ | thrombus
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| Prothrombin time is a blood test used to evaluate the _______ | extrinsic clotting mechanism
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| Thrombocytopenia is due to a deficiency of ________ | platelets
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| What is released by platelets as a platelet plug forms? | seratonin
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| What is the enzyme that catalyzes the activation of fibrin? | prothrombin
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| What type of antigens are found on the surface of red blood cells of a person with type AB blood? | antigens A and B
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| What determines an individuals blood type? | proteins (antigens) on the surface of RBC
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| In what situation might erythroblastosis fetalis occur? | if a woman with anti Rh antibodies becomes pregnant with a Rh positive fetus (2nd time)
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