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Years of Crisis & RR
Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What made conditions in Russia different from those in an ideal communist society that Marx wrote about? | Unlike what Marx wrote about, Russia's communist population consisted of mostly farmers, and the land was mostly rural. It was so big and everything was so spread out, Lenin wondered how they would attempt a revolution to achieve a communist society. |
| What were the characteristics of a communist society as they were used in the Soviet Union? | Priorities: education, employment, peasant support. One-party state. Control of (formerly private) property. Censorship. Secret police. Rapid industrial growth. Collectivization (farmland). |
| What are the characteristics of a totalitarian state? | State has complete power. Use of propaganda & censorship. Control of education/indoctrination. Limited rights. Police-state. Religious/ethnic persecution. |
| What policies did Stalin use to strengthen the Soviet Union? Explain why they were/were not successful. | All attributes of totalitarianism. Collectivization. Existential Threat from the Soviet Union, they must catch up. It proves communism is the best (5 Year Plan). Command economy. Was decently successful as the Soviets made substantial gains. |
| What political and economic changes did the world undergo in the years between between WWI & WWII? | Physical destruction. Unemployment rates increased significantly. Dissatisfaction w/ peace treaties. Weak & unpopular governments, people began looking to extreme political leaders/parties for guidance. |
| How did society and the arts change in the interwar years? In what ways were those changes a reflection of WWI? | The arts reflected the pessimistic/individualistic beliefs. They rebelled against realism & wanted to depict the inner world of emotion/imagination. Women take on new roles as nurses, educators, journalists...Styles become less restrictive. Right to vote. |
| Discuss the impact that economic difficulties, lack of strong leaders, and difficulty maintaining peace had on the US, Britain, and Europe from 1919-1939. | Economic & political problems led people to vote for extremist parties(communists, fascists, nazis). In other countries (Britain & France), a desire to avoid another war led them to practice appeasement/avoidance. In America, it caused isolationism. |
| How did Mussolini come to power? | March on Rome. Fascist volunteers threatened to overthrow parliament, so king made him Prime Minister. Dictatorship, propaganda, youth groups. Support of the people by weaponizing fear of Communism/Socialism. Recognized independence of Vatican/Pope. |
| How did Hitler come to power? | Became head of Nazi party. Beer Hall Putsch. Won big elections. Expands powers, becomes Fuhrer later on. Kristallnacht (political competition arrested). |
| How did the Spanish Civil War contribute to WWII? | Failure of appeasement, League of Nations didn’t do anything to prevent the civil war. Hitler & Mussolini's support of the fascists in the Spanish Civil War enabled him to test out new bombers and new artillery that he would later use in World War II. |
| How did the Japanese aggression in Asia contribute to WWII? | The League of Nations does not stop Japan. The beginning of WWII in Asia. Japan was an expansionist and wanted a big empire. Thought they were racially superior, they went to gain territory in China. |
| How did the Nazis turn German citizens against the Jews? How did they persecute them? | Blamed them for all troubles after WWI. Stripped them of their rights (Nuremberg laws). Kristallnacht, Jewish synagogues, homes, & shops destroyed. Forced them into ghettos. Bring them to concentration camps as prisoners to be worked to death or murdered. |
| What were Mussolini's goals & how did he rule Italy? | Goals: Territorial expansion. Make Italy great again bc of failure to win territory after WWI. Rule: Censorship of press/publications. Propaganda. Youth groups. Spread fear of Communism/Socialism. Abolished democracy & other political parties. |
| What were Hitler's goals & how did he rule Germany? | Goals: Make Germany powerful again after WWI reparations. Pledged lebensraum & removal of Jews. Rule: Totalitarian dictatorship. Banned labor unions. Developed infrastructure(created jobs). Rearmed the military. |
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