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Religious Terms 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tower of Babel | A tower built by the Semites. God tore it down once it got too tall to humble mankind. |
| Shem | Noah's son; leader of the Semites; also meaning "name" |
| Chosen People | The Jews that followed Abraham and received blessings of the covenant |
| Abraham | Patriarch who made a covenant with God, thought to be a prophet. His covenant brought upon circumcision, blessings for his followers, and faith in God. Father of multitude |
| Patriarch | Father of the chosen people, said to be Abraham in Jewish literature |
| Abraham (Ibrahim) | Abraham's name in the Islamic literature (Qur'an) |
| Sarah | Abraham's wife. "princess", mother of promised son in covenant (Ishmael in Judaism and Christianity, unknown in Islam). Laughs at God when told about promised son. |
| Hagar (Hajar) | Abe and Sarah's servant, forced to conceive with Abe by Sarah. She runs away from the cruel treatment. In Judaism |
| Ishamael (Ismail) | "God hears", Abe's first son with Hagar, not fulfillment son. |
| Isaac | "names deprives from laughter" Abe and Sarah's son, fulfillment son in Judaism and Christianity. Allows Abe to sacrifice him in Islam. |
| First cutting of the covenant | Gen 15: Consisted of sacrifice and theophany. Led to smoke and literal fire. God promises Abe descendants form his own body if he sacrifices an animal by cutting it in half and laying it out. |
| Theophany | physical manifestation of God |
| Second cutting of the covenant | Gen 17: 13 years passed between first and second cutting (no context inbetween). Abram becomes Abraham, Sarai becomes Sarah, who is named mother of promised son. Ishmael goes from fulfillment story to obstacle story. Circumscision is the obligation |
| Circumcision | The obligation of the second cutting story. All men of the household must cut off the foreskin of their penis, any boy born starting at day 8. Will be cut from family if not obeyed |
| Beautiful Wife story | A fulfillment story by God, he sends plagues to Pharoh, where the king kidnap's Sarah) because he promised to curse those who cursed Abe. Abe then becomes wealthier. Sarah will be the mother of the chosen son. |
| The Akedah | The binding of Isaac, the sacrifice of Isaac commanded by God. |
| Paul | Changed definition of descendants to those who believe rather than just biology or who get circumcised. Uses Abe's story in Judaism with a different interpretation. |
| Galatians | Gentile Christians (anyone not Jewish, no circm., poly.) converted by Paul's preaching. Paul writes his "angry letter" |
| Judaizers | Jewish Christian missionaries urging circumcision, trying to welcome Abe's descendants to follow the covenant. |
| Christ as one seed of Abraham | you can also be a descendent of Abe if you belong to Christ, you are heir ( need baptism and faith) |
| Baptism replacing circumcision | Paul says circumcision comes from the heart no the physical. |
| Genesis 15:6 in NT | God counts Abe righteous because of his faith |
| Romans | Jews and Gentiles are both saved by faith. The Gospel "is the power of God's salvation to everyone who has faith to the Jews first and then to the Greeks. |
| Spiritual circumcision | Circumcision of the heart led by Paul in the NT. |
| God who brings life to the dead | God, in the fulfillment story |
| James | Believes Abe's willingness to sacrifice Isaac completes his faith. Faith cannot save you w/o works, mere belief in God is okay, works is most important. |
| Hebrews | By faith Abe obeyed, by faith he offers Isaac- God who can raise the dead( God can revive Isaac after his sacrifice to ensure Abe's faith and obedience) |
| Origen of Alexandria | Theologian and preacher in the city of Alexandria (3rd century theologian). Allegorical scripture; more so how do you interpret it spirituallly. |
| 3-fold interpretation of scripture | Belief by Alexandria that any scripture can be interpreted in three different ways (body, soul, and spirit). Body: literal historical level, Soul: moral interpretation (tells how you should live), spirit: typological interpretation. |
| Typology | What Paul does: the Adam and Christ typology. Different characters prefigures and symbolizes different themes. |
| Mecca | Birthplace of Muhammad, Suras believes the children of Abe are the ones who believe. Opposed to idolotry (polytheism). Most holy city |
| Kaaba | Stone building in the middle of Islams most holy mosque people pilgrimage to to throw stones at to obtained God's blessing and to prove faith. Built by Abe and Ishmael in islam. TTawaf: circulate it 7 times |
| Safa and Marwa | Hagar runs between the hills of safa and marwa searching for water after Abe takes her to the dessert. People recreate this during Hajj going back and forth for 7 times |
| Well of Zamzam | water from the spring that saved Hagar while in the desert. Provided at the Kaaba |
| Hajj | The pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Eid al Adha | Festival of sacrifice at the end of Hajj |
| Qibla | The stone tower in the middle of Kaaba that the Muslims kiss to receive a piece of God during the pilgrimage. |
| Aslama | To give oneself entirely to God |
| John Kaltner | In spite of the difference, they have much in common. Both sons represent a model of faith, name if son irrelevant, both versions acts as a catalyst to Abe's faith. |
| Michael Lodahl | In each of these stories, the image of Abe and Sarah are similar; what changes is the depiction of God. |
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26lexnix
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