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Byz., Mid. Age, Jap.
Byzantine Empire, Middle Ages, and Japanese Geography and Feudalism Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Causes of the collapse of the Roman Empire | 1. Empire was too large to control 2. Corrupt government (Senate) 3. Loss of morality 4. Christianity 5. Invasion from barbarians (Germanic Tribes) 6. Unemployment, led to an increase in crime. 7. Large plantations led to the decline of small farmers |
| In the Western part of Europe, the period between the end of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance. The Church was frequently the only force that preserved order. | Middle Ages |
| a decentralized political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service (Mutual Obligation). This mutual obligation created a strict or rigid social class system. | Feudalism |
| Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land. Everything was found and created on the manors because of the chaos of the Middle Ages. | Manorialism |
| Architecture of the Middle Ages that features high pointed steeples, gargoyles, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arch ways. | Gothic Architecture |
| Architecture of the Early Middle Ages that features rounded arches for windows and doors, thick walls, dimly lit interior and high windows. | Romanesque Architecture |
| After the fall of Rome the Eastern Portion of the Empire that carried on the Greek and Roman culture. Had a major influence over the country of Russia. | Byzantine Empire |
| Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages | The most powerful institution during the Middle Ages. Was a political organization that collected taxes (tithe) and had a court (Inquisition). Created the only stability in western Europe during the Middle Ages |
| Head of the Roman Catholic Church | Pope |
| "Charles the Great" leader of the Franks (France); unified most of the Christian lands of Europe with the help of Pope Leo III who crowned him "Holy Roman Emperor" 800 c.e. | Charlemagne |
| Held no real political power during the Middle Ages. Granted land (Fiefs) to lords in return for protection. | King |
| A land grant from the King to a lord. | Fief |
| A medieval association of people working at the same occupation, which controlled its members wages and prices. | Guild |
| A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from Muslim rule. | Crusades |
| - Pope wanted more power - Recapture Holy Land of Jerusalem - Escape from feudal oppression (Especially peasants and serfs) - Christians wanted to be absolved of their sins (heaven) - Adventure - Trade -Wealth- Land - and the promise of salvation | Causes of the Crusades |
| Effects of the Crusades | - Increased religious hatred b/w Christians, Jews, and Muslims - Renewal of interest in classic texts, art and literature - Cultural Diffusion:Trade increased between Europe and the Middle East - |
| More Effects of the Crusades | New technology: building & mapmaking skills, compasses, military skill and weaponry from the East -- Increase of the growth of towns and cities -- Increased the power of Kings and Nobles - Roman Catholic Church begins to lose power |
| More Effects of the Crusades | - End of Manorialism -Now economy based on money, not land! |
| Code of behavior and honor for Knights | Chivalry |
| Nobleman who owned the manors during Middle Ages. | Lord |
| Warriors who served the lords and protected the manors during the Middle Ages in western Europe. | Knights |
| Small farmers who worked the lords land, created food for the manors in return for protection. | Peasant |
| Japan and Western Europe during the Middle Ages | What area's of the world had Feudalism? |
| Code of behavior and honor for samurai warriors | Bushido Code |
| Pope who called for the first Crusade to reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslims | Pope Urban II |
| A meeting that took place in 1095 where pope urban II urged bishops and nobles to support a war against the muslims | Council of Clermont |
| 12th-century Muslim ruler; reconquered most of the crusader kingdoms. Famous in the Third Crusade along with Richard the Lionhearted of England | Saladin |
| Along with phillip II he organized the third crusade(Kings Crusade), the Christians took back acre, muslims kept jerusalem, negotiated a settlement with Saladin to allow Christians access to Jerusalem, | Richard the Lionhearted |
| Chain or group of islands | Archipelago |
| What did Japan lack? | Natural Resources |
| How did Japan deal with the mountainous terrain and lack of arable (farmable land)? | Terrace farming |
| Ancient religion of Japan that worshipped nature; believed everything in nature has a spirit known as a kami. | Shintoism (Shinto) |
| How was the social structure of Japanese feudalism different from Europe? | There is a military leader known as a Shogun in the Japanese Feudal system and merchants are at the bottom of the social class system. |
| No political power in Japan; Symbolic figurehead | Emperor |
| Military leader of Japan; held all political power | Shogun |
| Landholding lords of Japan | Daimyo |
| Means "those who serve"; warriors who protect the manor | Samurai |
| Samurai's code of honor | Bushido Code |
| small farmers who created food for the manor | Peasants |
| skilled workers who created tools and weapons for the manor. | Artisans |
| Traders that worked for themselves, which is why they were placed at the bottom of the social hierarchy in Japan. | Merchants |
| Centralized the government, Isolated Japan for 200 years, which came back to haunt Japan because they fell behind. | Tokugawa Shogunate |
| Emperor Justinian | Emperor of the Byzantine Empire at its height. |
| Justinian Code | Written law code of the Byzantine Empire. Eventually became the basis of law for Eastern Europe and Russia. |
| Cyrillic Alphabet | Alphabet developed in Eastern Europe during the Byzantine Empire. |
| Hagia Sophia | Eastern Orthodox Cathedral built by Emperor Justinian. Largest Dome in the world up until the 1500's. |
| Influence of The Byzantine Empire | The Byzantine Empire had an influence over Eastern Europe and especially Russia. |
| Fall of the Byzantine Empire | Muslim Empire began to spread westward from the Middle East. The Ottoman Empire (Turks) take over the Byzantine Empire in 1453 C.E. (A.D.) |
| Early Japan received natural resources by | Trading |
| After Japan went through the Meiji Restoration which was a time period of rapid modernization, industrialization and westernization, Japan received its natural resources by | Imperializing other territories in the Pacific |
Created by:
eth1211
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