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World History
HUN WH Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pope Urban II | Started Crusades in 1095 C.E. and said that "anyone who went on Crusade and died in battle would go to Heaven" |
| King Richard Lionheart | King of England who made a truce with the Muslims to allow Christian pilgrimages to Jerusalem (Saladin) |
| Saladin | A Muslim (Turk) who retook Jerusalem from the Christians in 1187 C.E. |
| King John | King of England who was forced by the Nobles to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 C.E. The Magna Carta limited the power of the king. |
| Shinto | Religion of Japan - polytheistic religion - worshipped nature |
| Amaterasu | Japanese Sun goddess, started the imperial line |
| Yamato Clan | Strongest early clan of Japan, clan of the emperor |
| Kamikaze | Typhoon ??? that saves Japan from Mongols |
| Seppuku | Ritualized suicide of Samurai - relates to honor |
| Shogun | Military ruler of Japan - ruled for 1200's - 1860's |
| Magna Carta | Document signed by King John of England in 1215 C.E. at Runnymede. The document limited the power of the king and established a constitutional monarchy, said people must be tried by a jury of their peers, no taxation without consulting nobles. |
| The Black Death or Bubonic Plague | Originated in China; spread to Europe through trade & warfare (Mongols); carried on fleas on rats in conditions of poor hygiene; animals near humans; no sewers; tight population; killed 1/3 Europe 1347-1351 C.E. |
| Guild | Specialized craft; made cash economy; made jobs; Three Stages = 1. Apprentice 2. Journeyman 3. Master |
| 3 Stages of Knighthood | 1.PAGE = Age 7, ran errands, cleaned home for knight (made life easier for knight) 2. SQUIRE - mid-teens - active phase of training, getting stronger and faster, fighting 3. KNIGHT - age 21 - participated in tournaments/fairs |
| Vasco da Gama | Portuguese who sailed the first direct sea route to India |
| Christopher Columbus | Explorer who initiated European colonization of the Americas |
| Pedro Cabral | Portuguese discoverer of Brazil |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Explorer whose name was given to an entire hemisphere-sailed for Portugal in 1501 |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Navigator whose crew was the first to circumnavigate the earth |
| Leonardo DaVinci | Renaissance man who painted the Mona Lisa |
| Hernando Cortez | Spaniard who conquered the Aztecs |
| Francisco Pizarro | Spaniard who conquered the Incas |
| Montezuma II | Aztec Leader conquered by the Spanish |
| Atalhuapa | Inca leader conquered by the Spanish. His ransom is said to be the largest in history. |
| Michelangelo | Sculptor of David and Pieta during Renaissance |
| Copernicus | Polish Astronomer who presented the Heliocentric Theory |
| Heliocentric Theory | The Sun (not the Earth) is the center of the solar system. |
| Shakespeare | English author |
| Galileo | Scientist who recanted the Heliocentric Theory due to Church pressure. |
| Gutenberg | Inventor of the printing press -> increase of knowledge |
| Martin Luther | Catholic Monk "95 Theses" began the Reformation 15171. People can win salvation only by faith in God2. All church teachings should be based on the words of the Bible.3. All people with faith are equal and don't need preists to interpret the Bible. |
| Caravel | a new type of ship that aided in European exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries. |
| Astrolabe | A navigational instrument used for determining location at sea that aided European exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries. |
| Treat of Tordesillas | Treaty signed by the Pope in 1494 that established the "Line of Demarcation" = a line that determined the rights to lands discovered in the New World by Spain and Portugal |
| Encomienda System | System used by the Spanish in their American colonies. The system was a system of land grants that also included forced labor from the natives. |
| Mestizos | class of people resulting from the interracial mixing between the Spanish and the natives. |
| Four military advantages that the Spanish had over the Native Americans | Cannons, Guns, Military Strategy, Metal Armor |
| First English Colony in North America | Jamestown (1607 C.E.) |
| Quilombos | settlements in Brazil where that the Africans escaped to after resisting slavery. |
| Capaeira | Dance-like martial art practiced by Africans who resisted slavery in Brazil. |
| Mercantilism | system based on wealth |
| Four cash crops grown in the Americas | Tobacco, molasses, cotton, coffee |
| Three products that originated in the Americas that are very useful throughout the world. | tobacco, molasses, cotton |
| Renaissance | A "rebirth" in Europe of the classical (ancient Greek and Roman) learning, art and architecture from that combined with the new ideas, knowledge and inventions from the Islamic Empire and Asia (brought back from the Crusades) 1300-1500 C.E. |
| Humanism | Philosophy in which humans are supposed to live life to their full potential and enjoy life (entertainment, fun, satisfaction) |
| "Renaissance Man" | Chivalrous, respect for women, respect the poor, etiquette, well educated, charm, wit, politically savvy |
| Problems with the Catholic Church that contributed to the start of the Reformation | 1. Hypocritical / didn't follow their own rules. 2. Bribes were given to priests to absolve sins. 3. Things that were said by the Church versus what the Bible says were inconsistent. |
| "95 Theses" Main Points | 1. 2. 3. |
| Voltaire | Main Ideas = Freedoms of thought, speech, and religion Influence on America= Bill of Rights |
| Montesquieu | Main Ideas = Separation of Powers in government branches, checks and balances Influence on America = Federal system of government, central and state, 3 branches (executive, legislative, judicial) |
| Rousseau | Main Ideas = people are created equal; individual freedoms, direct democracy, government guided by the will of the people Influence on America = Declaration of Independence and the Constitution |
| Beccaria | Main Ideas = Against torture, right to speedy trial, punishment should fit the crime Influence on America = Bill of Rights |
| Nollstonecraft | Main Ideas = Women's rights, education, participation in professions (politics, medicine) Influence on America = Women's organizations & action groups (women's right to vote in 1920) |
| 3 Positive Impacts (outcomes) of Industrialization | 1. more goods 2. saves time 3. cheaper goods |
| 3 Negative Impacts (outcomes) of Industrialization | 1. dangerous 2. uses up resources faster 3. decrease in quality of goods |
| Urbanization | the process in which people move from rural areas (the countrysides) to the cities. |
| Imperialism | a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, and socially. |
| Capitalism 1. Owners of the Factors of Production 2. Objectives | 1. 2. Personal Profit |
| Communism 1. Owners of the Factors of Production 2. Objectives | 1. the People 2. Shared Profit |
| Socialism 1. Owners of the Factors of Production 2. Objectives | 1. State Ownership 2. Wealth for benefit of all people |
| Berlin Conference | a meeting of the leader from 14 European nations in 1844-1845t to discuss the partitioning of Africa. Africans were not invited. The Europeans gained control of many raw materials and natural resources after taking splitting up and taking over Africa. |
| Opium War (Date, Who, What it was about, victor, consequences) | Date: 1840 Who: Great Britain and Japan What it was about: Japan destroyed smuggled opium Victor: British Consequences: JApan pays for war costs, open ports, trade, Hong Kong is given to British. |
| Taiping Rebellion (Date, Who, What it was about, victor, consequences) | Date: 1855 Who: Peasants and Manchus (Manchus were helped by Britain) What it was about: Spheres of Influence Victor: Manchus Consequences: |
| Treaty of Kanagawa (Date, Who, What it was about, victor, consequences) | Date; 1845 - Who: China and Japan What it was about: Japan opening ports, trade, restocking sailors, and taking shipwrecked sailors Victor: China Consequences: Japan opens ports, trade,a nd takes in shipwrecked sailors and restocks ships |
| Sino-Japanese War (Date, Who, What it was about, victor, consequences) | Date: 1854 Who: China and Japan What it was about: Victor: Consequences: |
| Boxer Rebellion: (Date, Who, What it was about, victor, consequences) | Date: 1900 Who: What it was about: Victor: Consequences: |
| Russo-Japanese War (Date, Who, What it was about, victor, consequences) | Date: Who: What it was about: Victor: Consequences: |
| Kaiser Wilhelm II | Leader of Germany during WWI - 1888-1918 and led Triple Alliance |
| Franz Ferdinand | Autro-Hungarian archduke who was assassinated in 1914 by a Serbian - this event triggered the start of WWI |
| Woodrow Wilson | U.S. President known for his "14 Points" peace plan |
| V.I.Lenin | First communist leader of the USSR - led Bolshevik revolution in 1917 |
| Josef Stalin | Totalitarian leader of USSR from 1924-1953: "Great Purge" 8-13 Million die |
| Nicholas II | Last Czar of Russia-was overthrown by a revolution in 1917 |
| Romanov | Russian noble family of the czars |
| Bolshevik | Russian communist party-led the November 1917 revolution to seize control of Russia and establish a communist government |
| U-Boat | German naval submarine |
| Pogrom | An act of Jewish persecution in Russia |
| Soviet | local communist leadership council in the USSR |
| Central Powers in World War I | Germany, Austria-Hungary |
| Powder Keg of Europe | name given to Balkan Peninsula prior to WWI - this land was a source os constant dispute between Russian and Austria-Hungary |
| Schleiffen Plan | Germany's strategy for a quick victory in WWI that failed as the war was bogged down in Trench Warfare which saw huge losses on both sides with little gain. |
| World War I (Timeframe) | 1914 - 1918 |
| The Treaty of Versailles 3 Provisions | treaty to end WWI - treaty put the blame for the war on Germany 1. Germany had to pay reparations to Allies ($33 billion over 30 years) 2. Germany was forbidden to build or buy submarines or have air force 3. Germany surrendered territory |
| Year that czarist rule ended in Russia | 1917 |
| Civil War in Russia was fought between these two groups during this time period. | "Red" Army (Bolsheviks) and the "White" Army (pro-democracy group) - 1918 to 1920 |
| New Countries created after WWI | Turkey, Yugoslavia, Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania |
| Triple Entente | 1.Great Britain 2.France 3. Russia |
| New Technologies from WWI | 1. poison gas 2. machine guns 3. tanks 4. U-Boats, Large artillery |
| 3 Crises that faced Russia's last Czar and led to his downfall | 1. 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War 2. January 22, 1905 "Bloody Sunday" 3. WWI 1914-1917 |
| "14 Points" Peace Plan - Key Points | 1. freedom of trade 2. freedom of the seas 3. no secret treaties 4.reduced national armies and navies 5. adjustment of colonial claims 6-13. specific changes for borders 14. association of nations to negotiate peace & solve disputes |
| 4 methods for enforcing totalitarianism | 1. police terror "Great Purge" 2. Indoctrination - schools run by the government 3. News and propeganda controlled by the government. 4. religious / ethnic persecution - pogroms - mainly jews |
| League of Nations | Created by Woodrow Wilson; international peace organization to talk about international problems and try to prevent war. The United States did not join the League which decreased its legitimacy. Lack of funding & military to enforce hurt the league |
| Nuremburg Laws | . |
| Kristallnacht | NIght of Broken Glass (NOvember 9, 1938) - Nazi mobs attacked Jews in their homes and on streets and destroyed thousands of Jewish owned businesses - marked the start of removing Jews from German life. |
| 3-Tiered Solution | . |
| ghetto | City neighborhoods in which European jews were forced to live under NAzi control |
| genocide | the systematic killing of an entire people - Holcaust carried out against Jews, Gypsies |
| crematorium | large ovens used to burn the bodies of jews during the Holocaust |
| gas chambers | large chambers with fake "shower heads" that jews were locked in - cyanide gas was pumped in to kill the people - used by Nazis in Holocaust - chambers could kill as many a 6,000 per day |
| Roma | . |
| Auschwitz | Largest Nazi death camp during Holocaust |
| Treblinka | . |
| anti-semitism | hatred of Jews |
| Weimar Republic | The name of the new German democratic government that was established after WWI |
| Dawes Plan | Plan to help Germany recover from its economic crisis and inflation problems after WWI. Plan was created by American Banker Charles Dawes and helped German business/factories back to pre-war productivity by 1929. |
| Mussolini | fascist leader of Italy from 1922 through WWII |
| Hitler | Leader of NAzi Party in Germany during WWII-Holocaust was 1938-1945: Genocide |
| Mein Kampf | Book written by Adolph Hitler during his 9 months in jail. Book outlines his plans for Germany - became blueprint for Nazi party. |
| Lebenstraum | german for "living space" - HItler declared that germany needed more living space and that he would get it by conquering Europe and Russia. |
| Gestapo | Secret Police force for Nazi party in Germany |
| 4 main methods of enforcing totalitarianism in Nazi Germany | 1. banned all other political parties 2. SS arrested and murdered all Hitler's enemies 3. Gestapo (secret police) carried out brutal treatment of opponents 4. NAZIs took control of economy |
| Appeasement Policy | when a nation gives in to an aggressor in order to keep peace (France gave in to Germany's aggression when they invaded the Rhineland in violation of the Treaty of Versailles to avoid war) |
| Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere | |
| Non-Aggression Pact with USSR | an agreement between Josef Stalin and Hitler in which Germany and Russia agreed not to go to war against one another. August 23, 1939 |
| Spanish Civil War | Spain was monarchy until 1931 when a republic was declared. New government was unstable. 1936 Fascist army leaders under Francisco Franco revolted - civil war carried on for 3 years. Franco won 1939 and established Fascist government. |
| Francisco Franco | Fascist leader of Spain beginning in 1939 |
| Holocaust | the mass slaughter of civilians, especially jews, gypsies carried out by Nazi Germany (Hitler) |
| Midway (When & Significance) | Midway-PAcific island- Admiral Nimitz cracked code - knew Japanese were heading for Midway (biggest Japanese fleet ever). Nimitz prepared for ambush and defeated Japanese despite being outnumbered in ships -turned tide of war against Japan - June 6, 1942 |
| Atlantic Charter | a declaration of principals issued in August 1941 by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President FDR on which the Alliance peace plan at the end of WWII was based. |
| armistice | agreement to stop fighting |
| self-determination | belief that people should be allowed to determine for themselves what type of government they want to live under |
| Mandates | Territory that was to be administered by the League of Nations - Allies would govern the mandates until they were judged ready for independence. |
| coalition government | when one party is unable to win a majority in an election or win enough support, several parties will form an alliance to win a majority of support in parliament to carry out their policies |
| Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact | 1928 - treaty signed by almost every country in world agreeing to never use war as instrument of foreign policy. Meaningless treaty as the LEague of Nations had no way to enforce the treaty. |
| New Deal | name of F.D. Roosevelt's economic recovery plan for the US after the Great Depression |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | President of the United States after the Great Depression and through WWII |
| Fascism | a militant political movement that emphasizes loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader. |
| Isolationism | policy based on belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided |
| Anschluss | union between Germany and Austria |
| Munich Conference 1938 | Great Britain, France & GErmany met to decide on Sudentenland region of Czechoslovakia which Germany wanted. GB France agreed to give region to Germany (Appeasement) |
| Blitzkrieg | Lightning War - german military strategy during WWII - used fast-moving airplanes and tanks followed by massive infantry forces to take enemy by surprise |
| Great Britain & France declare war on Germany WWII (DATE???) | September 3, 1939 |
| Germany invades Poland (WWII) | September 1, 1939 |
| Maginot Line | A system of French and British military fortifications along the France/German border |
| Siegfried Line | Line of German troops sitting a few miles away from the Maginot Line along the France/Germany border |
| DUNKIRK | port city in France along English Channel - German troops trapped 338,000 allied troops there - Britain sent 850 naval ships & civilian boats back and forth across channel to rescue the allied troops |
| Charles deGaulle | French General who fled to England after France fell to Germany - he set up a government in exile and set to reconquer France |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII |
| Enigma | German code-making machine - one was smuggled to Great Britain which helped british crack secret german messages and know more about german air attacks |
| Battle of Britain | A series of air battles between Britain and Germany fought over Britain between 1940-1941. |
| Luftwaffe | German Air Force |
| Desert Fox | German Genearl Erwin Rommel who controlled German army in North Africa - after long battles defeated British at Tobruk |
| OPERATION BARBAROSSA | German (HItler) plan to invade USSR |
| OPERATION SEA LION | German (Hitler) plan to invade Great Brtain using Air Forces at first (Luftwaffe) and then troop invasion on british coasts |
| Lend-Lease Act 1941 | president could lend or lease arms and other supplies to any country vital to the USA |
| Atlantic Charter - August 9, 1941 | held after secret meeting between FDR and Churchill - upheld free trade among nations and the right of the people to choose their own government - served as Allies peace plan after WWII |
| Harry S. Truman | President of US in WWII is FDR - Truman takes over for rest of war because FDR dies August 6, 1945 |
| General Tojo | Leaded Japan during WWII + war minister + prime minister - 1941 |
| Montezuma II + Hernando Cortes | Last Aztec ruler - in power when Spanish arrive in Mexico in Aztec empire - he is defeated by the Spanish (Hernando Cortes) |
| Isaac Newton + Copernicus | Newton-discovers gravity-mathmetician and physicistCopernicus-Polish astronomer in 1500s and develops helio-centric theory (the sun is the center of the earth) |
| Galileo | discovers law of the pengulum + supports helio-centric theory of CopernicusGalileo is put under house arrest for agreeing with Copernicus and eventually dies in his house |
| Scientific Revolution | began in mid 1500s and it was a new way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs |
| Atahualpa | conquered by Francisco Pizzaro (200 soldiers)and the Spanish conquerers in 1532 and Atahualpa had 30,000 soldiers, but Atahualpa loses |
| Fancisco Pizzaro | 1532-Spanish explorer who will conquer the Inca (Atahualpa) |
| M. Robespierre | Reign of Terror-leader of France after the French Revolution nearly as a dictator from July 1793-July 1794 and carried out the Reign of Terror in which he executed many of the Aristocrats of France |
Created by:
Kline/Pyle
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