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Emma's muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | Shorten with force. |
| Excitability | Respond to a stimulus. |
| Extensibility | Ability to be stretched. |
| Elasticity | Recoil to their original length. |
| Epimysium | Connective tissue surrounded by the skeletal muscle. |
| Fascia | Connective tissue location outside the epimysium. Surrounds and separates muscles. |
| Perimysium | Surrounded by loose connective tissue. |
| Fibers | Single muscle cells. |
| Endomysium | Connective tissue surrounded by fiber. |
| Myofibrils | A threadlike structure that extends from one end to other. |
| Actin Myofilaments | Thin. Resemble 2-minute strands of pearls twisted together. |
| Myosin Myofilaments | Thick. Resemble bundles of minute golf clubs. |
| Sarcomere's | Basic structural and functional unit of the muscle. |
| Z line | Attachment site for actin. |
| I band | Consists of actin. |
| A band | Extends the length of the myosin. |
| H zone | Consists of only myosin. |
| M line | Anchored in the center of the sarcomere. |
| resting membrane potential | Positively charged compared to the inside membrane which is negatively charged. |
| Action potentialp | reversal back of the charge. |
| Motor Neurons | Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. |
| Neuromuscular junction/synapse | Connects muscle form near the center of the cell. |
| Motor Unit | Skeletal muscle fibers it innervates. |
| Presynaptic terminal | The enlarged nerve terminal. |
| Synaptic cleft | The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell. |
| postsynaptic terminal | The muscle fiber. |
| synaptic vesicles | Each presynaptic terminal contains this. |
| acetylcholine | Diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic causing change. |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Rapidly broken down by enzymes. |
| Sliding filament mechanism | The sliding actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction. |
| Muscle twitch | Contraction of an entire muscle that causes action potential. |
| Threshold | A muscle fiber that will not respond till that stimulus reaches a level. |
| All or none response | This phenomenon is called. |
| Lag Phase | The application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction. |
| Contraction Phase | The time of contraction. |
| Relaxation Phase | The time which the muscle relaxes. |
| Tetany | The muscle remains contracted without relaxing. |
| Recruitment | The increase in number of motor units being activated. |
| ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) | Energy for muscle contraction. |
| Creatine Phosphate | Store high energy molecule. |
| Anaerobic respiration | Without oxygen. |
| Aerobic respiration | With oxygen. |
| Oxygen debt | Amount of oxygen needed. |
| Muscle fatigue | Results when ATP is used during muscle contraction. |
| Isometric | The length of a muscle doesn't change. (equal distance). |
| Isotonic | The amount of tension produced by the muscle. (equal tension). |
| Muscle Tone | Keeps head up and back straight. |
| Fast twitch fibers | Contracts quickly and fatigue quickly. |
| Slow twitch fibers | Contract more slowly and more resistant. |
| Origin | The head is the most stationary end of muscle. |
| Insertion | The end of the muscle undergoing movement. |
| Belly | The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion. |
| Synergists | Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements. |
| Antagonists | Muscles that work in opposition to one another. |
| Prime Mover | If one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desire movement. |
| Occipitofrontalis | Raises the eyebrows. |
| Orbicularis Oculi | Closes the eyelids. |
| Orbicularis Oris | Puckers the lips. |
| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks. |
| Zygomaticus | Smiling Muscle. |
| Levator Labii Superioris | Sneering. |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | Frowning. |
| Mastication | Chewing. |
| 4 Pairs of mastication muscle | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter. |
| Intrinsic Tounge Muscles | Change the shape of the tounge. |
| Extrinsic Tounge Muscles | Move the tounge. |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Lateral neck muscle and prime mover. |
| Erector spinae | Group of muscles on each side of back. |
| Thoracic Muscles | Muscles that move the thorax. |
| External Intercostals | Elevate ribs during inspiration. |
| Internal Intercostals | Contract during forced expiration. |
| Diaphragm | Accomplishes quiet breathing. |
| Abdominal wall muscles | The muscle of the anterior wall flex and rotate the vertebral column. |
| Linea Alba | Consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle. |
| Rectus Abdominis | Each side of Linea Alba. |
| Tendinous Inscriptions | Cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations. |
| Trapezius | Rotates Scapula. |
| Serratus Anterior | Pulls scapula anteriorly.. |
| Pectoralis Major | Adducts and flexes the arm. |
| Latissimus Dorsi | Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. |
| Deltoid | Attaches the humorous to the scapula and clavicle, |
| Triceps Branchii | Extends the forearm. |
| Biceps Branchii | Flexes forearm. |
| Brachialis | Flexes forearm. |
| Brachioradialis | Flexes and supinates the forearm. |
| Flexor Carpi | Flexes the wrist. |
| Extensor Carpi | Extends the wrist. |
| Flexor Digitorum | Flexes the fingers. |
| Extensor Digitorum | Extends the fingers. |
| Gluteus Maximus | Buttocks. |
| Quadriceps Femoris | Extends the leg. |
Created by:
erthoma6
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