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WH - Unit 6
Empires and Societies of Africa
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sahara | North African desert that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean east to the Red Sea and from the Mediterranean Sea south to the Sahela |
| Savanna | a flat, grassy plain. |
| Stateless Society | cultural group in which authority is shared by lineages of equal power instead of being exercised by a central government. |
| Matrilineal | relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother. |
| Griot | a West African storyteller. |
| Nok | an African people who lived in what is now Nigeria between 500 BC and AD 200. |
| Sahel | the African region along the southern border of the Sahara. |
| Lineage | the people who are descended from a common ancestor. |
| Patrilineal | relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the father. |
| Animism | the belief that spirits are present in animals, plants, and other natural objects. |
| Desertification | the process by which habitable land changes into desert. |
| Djenne-Djeno | city of the Niger River delta that has been inhabited since about 250 BC. |
| Migration | the act of moving from one place to settle in another. |
| Push-Pull Factors | conditions that draw people to another location or cause people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region. |
| Bantu-Speaking People | the speakers of a related group of languages who, beginning about 2,000 years ago, migrated from West Africa into most of the southern half of Africa. |
| Aksum | an African kingdom, in what is now Ethiopia and Eritrea, that reached the height of its power in the fourth century AD. |
| Adulis | main seaport of Aksum, located near modern-day Massawa on the Red Sea. |
| Ezana | Aksumite ruler; he destroyed the Kush capital of Meroë and took over the kingdom of Kush around AD 320. |
| Terraces | a new form of agriculture in Aksum, in which stepped ridges constructed on mountain slopes help retain water and reduce erosion. |
| Maghrib | a region of western North Africa, consisting of the Mediterranean coastlands of what is now Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. |
| Almoravid | an Islamic religious brotherhood that established an empire in North Africa and southern Spain in the 11th century AD. |
| Almohad | a group of Islamic reformers who overthrew the Almoravid dynasty and established an empire in North Africa and southern Spain in the 12th century AD. |
| Ghana | a West African kingdom that grew rich from taxing and controlling trade and that established an empire in the 9th–11th centuries AD. |
| Mali | a West African empire that flourished from 1235 to the 1400s and grew rich from trade. |
| Sundiata | Founder and ruler of Mali; he organized an army and defeated the other kingdoms of West Africa. |
| Mansa Musa | Leader of Mali who held power from 1307 to 1332; he expanded the empire to twice the size of Ghana. He increased trade, supported the arts, and promoted Islam. |
| Ibn Battuta | traveler from Tangier who spent nearly 30 years traveling throughout the Muslim world in the 1300s. |
| Songhai | a West African empire that conquered Mali and controlled trade from the 1400s to 1591. |
| Hausa | a West African people who lived in several city-states in what is now northern Nigeria. |
| Yoruba | a West African people who formed several kingdoms in what is now Benin and southern Nigeria |
| Benin | a kingdom that arose near the Niger River delta in the 1300s and became a major West African state in the 1400s |
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