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COMP 4
EXAM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cartilage is which type of tissue that gives shape to structures such as the ears and nose. | connective |
| In medical terminology, the word part at the end of the word, which alters the meaning of the word root, is the | suffix |
| In order for anatomical terms to be universally understood, it is assumed that the body is in the anatomical position, which is | standing upright and facing forward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward |
| In the anatomical position, the body is | standing with the arms at the sides and palms facing forward |
| In what directional position is the skin relative to the muscles? | superficial |
| Most of the organs of digestion are found in the __________ cavity. | abdominal |
| The __________ plane divides the body equally into right and left halves. | midsagittal |
| The disorder in which a person is born without pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair is __________. | albinism |
| The elbow is __________ to the wrist. | proximal |
| The genetic information for the body is located in __________. | DNA |
| The knees are positioned __________ to the hips. | caudal |
| The pelvic cavity contains the __________. | reproductive organs |
| The position closest to the midline of the body is __________. | medial |
| The position toward the front of the body is __________. | anterior |
| The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominal cavity. | superior |
| What is the term for the overall chemical functioning of the body? | metabolism |
| What word part is added to the beginning of a medical term that alters the meaning of the word root. | prefix |
| Which of the following is a life-threatening disease that mainly affects the lungs and pancreas? | cystic fibrosis |
| Which of these genetic disorders, in which clotting factors are missing, primarily affects males? | hemophilia |
| Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions? | frontal |
| Which plane divides the body into inferior and superior portions? | transverse |
| Which plane divides the body into right and left portions? | sagittal |
| Which term means rapid breathing? | tachypnea |
| Which tissue is located in the brain and the spinal cord? | nervous |
| Which type of tissue covers the body and most organs? | epithelial |
| Which type of tissue is able to contract and relax? | muscle |
| Bones are directionally positioned __________ to the skin. | deep |
| The directional position above or close to the head is which of the following terms? | superior |
| Cellulitis is an inflammation of connective tissues in skin caused by __________. | bacteria |
| Hair follicles are designated by the letter __________ in the figure. | E |
| In the figure of the skin, the sebaceous gland is indicated by the letter __________. | D |
| In which layer of skin are keratinocyte cells located? | epidermis |
| Melanin, which helps protect underlying layers of skin from UV radiation, is deposited throughout the __________. | epidermis |
| Pediculosis, which comes in three forms, is caused by which of the following? | lice |
| Signs and symptoms listed in the ABCDE rule would apply to which condition? | melanoma |
| Sweat glands are found in the __________. | dermis |
| The causes of eczema are __________. | mostly unknown |
| The epidermis is indicated by the letter __________ in the figure of the skin. | A |
| The most aggressive skin cancer is __________. | melanoma |
| The most common skin cancer is __________. | basal cell carcinoma |
| The skin plays a role in regulating body temperature by __________. | dilating or constricting blood vessels in the skin |
| The subcutaneous layer of skin, or hypodermis, is largely made of adipose and loose connective tissue and also contains blood vessels and nerves. It is designated by the letter __________ on the figure. | C |
| When the supply of oxygen in the blood is low, what color would the skin appear? | bluish |
| Which letter indicates the dermis? | B |
| Which of the following are mites that burrow beneath the skin? | scabies |
| Which of the following causes herpes simplex? | a virus |
| Which of the following conditions may require chemotherapy? | melanoma |
| Which of the following is mostly adipose tissue? | hypodermis |
| Which of these skin problems can be caused by excessive rubbing of the skin? | folliculitis |
| Which of these skin problems requires treating the whole family? | scabies |
| Which of these structures or substances in the skin helps prevent UV radiation from damaging deep structures of the skin? | melanin |
| Which skin condition has characteristics of itchy, silvery, scaly lesions? | psoriasis |
| A recommendation to prevent osteoporosis is __________. | regular exercise |
| An enlargement at the end of a bone is called a(n) __________. | head |
| Bone density can be increased by __________. | walking |
| Bone scans can be used to diagnose causes of __________. | bone infections |
| Bones are held together by tough, cord-like structures called __________. | ligaments |
| Bones gradually become thin in __________. | osteoporosis |
| Brittle-bone disease is another name for __________. | osteogenesis imperfecta |
| Cartilaginous joints are __________. | slightly moveable |
| Donald is a 14-year-old patient who is being seen today because of severe pain and swelling in his lower left leg. Which of the following disorders or diseases would the practitioner test for given the patient’s complaints and symptoms? | osteosarcoma |
| Fontanels are __________. | tough membranes that connect incompletely developed bones |
| In adults, which of the following contains yellow marrow, which consists of mostly fat? | medullary cavity |
| In order to maintain healthy dense bones, what advice would be given to patients? | Stop smoking. |
| In which disorder do bones become enlarged, deformed, and weak? | Paget's disease |
| Mrs. Jefferson has visible deformities in the fingers on both hands, Mrs. Jefferson confesses that she does not know much about this disorder and asks what causes it. What should the medical assistant tell her? | "Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease; the body's immune system attacks the joints." |
| One treatment option for scoliosis is __________. | braces |
| Red blood cells need to be replaced every __________. | 90 to 120 days |
| The __________ bones form the prominence of the cheeks. | zygomatic |
| The __________ form the palm of the hand. | metacarpals |
| The __________ forms the lower sides of the skull. | temporal bone |
| The __________ joins the sternum and scapula. | clavicle |
| The __________, or heel bone, is the largest tarsal bone. | calcaneus |
| The condition commonly referred to as humpback is __________. | kyphosis |
| The expanded end of a long bone is the __________. | epiphysis |
| The most important nutrient for bone growth is __________. | calcium |
| The occipital bone is an example of which type of bone? | flat |
| This bone is thin and flat and is also called the shoulder blade. | scapula |
| What is the anterior bone of the cranium called? | frontal bone |
| What is the term for the bones of the toes? | phalanges |
| What lines the holes of spongy bones? | red bone marrow |
| What structures allow the infant's skull to be somewhat moldable to assist with delivery through the birth canal? | fontanels |
| Which bone makes up most of the top and sides of the skull? | parietal bone |
| Which disorder is caused by uric acid deposits in the joints? | gout |
| Which of the following are bones of the wrist? | carpals |
| Which of the following describes synovial joints? | They are held together by a fibrous joint capsule. |
| Which of the following lifestyle changes should be recommended to patients to help them prevent osteoporosis? | Stop smoking |
| Which of the following would a practitioner recommend as a treatment for a patient with gout? | reducing meats, fish, and wine in the diet |
| Which of the following would the medical assistant recommend when educating patients with gout? | consume limited quantities of meat, beer, and wine |
| Which of these covers the epiphyses of long bones? | articular cartilage |
| Which type of bone is the patella (kneecap)? | sesamoid |
| __________ can be used to treat the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors and osteosarcoma. | Chemotherapy |
| An early sign of tetanus is __________. | muscle spasm in the jaw and neck |
| As aging occurs, muscle contractions __________. | become slower |
| As changes occur in the musculoskeletal system due to aging, which of the following is not likely to occur? | Endurance of muscle fibers decreases dramatically. |
| Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are represented by the numbers __________. | 7 and 6 |
| Elysia is a young woman who has just been diagnosed with fibromyalgia. The practitioner asks the medical assistant to provide her with tips to help manage this disorder. The medical assistant should suggest that she __________. | seek counseling to help develop better coping skills |
| In order to get tetanus, a person must have a(n) __________. | open wound, usually from a puncture by a contaminated object |
| Numbers 1 and 2 demonstrate __________. | rotation and circumduction |
| Numbers 1 and 2 on the figure are examples of __________. | abduction and adduction |
| Numbers 3 and 4 on the figure demonstrate __________. | protraction and retraction |
| One common symptom of rhabdomyolysis is __________. | dark urine |
| Referring to the figure, which of the following demonstrate flexion? | 4 and 9 |
| Supination and pronation are demonstrated by numbers __________. | 3 and 4 |
| The __________ muscle moves the abdominal wall. | external oblique |
| The __________ muscle moves the head. | sternocleidomastoid |
| The number 5 on the figure demonstrates __________. | extension |
| The shoulder is moved by the __________ muscle. | trapezius |
| When muscles have a buildup of lactic acid, this __________. | causes muscle fatigue |
| Which characteristic applies to smooth muscle? | It produces peristalsis. |
| Which of the following are characteristics of cardiac muscle? | It has intercalated discs and is self-exciting. |
| Which of the following attaches muscles to each other? | aponeurosis |
| Which of the following connects muscles to bone? | tendon |
| Which of the following does not apply to skeletal muscle? | It has intercalated discs. |
| Which of the following does not apply to visceral smooth muscle? | It is found in blood vessels. |
| Which of the following is true regarding the cardiac muscle? | It is self-exciting. |
| Which of the following produces body movement? | skeletal muscle |
| Which of the following uses glucose to help make ATP? | aerobic respiration |
| Which of these muscles flexes the foot and is commonly called the calf muscle? | gastrocnemius |
| Which type of connective tissue separates muscles from each other? | fascia |
| Which type of muscle moves contents through hollow organs such as the intestines? | Visceral smooth muscle |
| Which muscles closes the jaw? | masseter and temporalis muscles |
| Which of the following muscles moves the forearm by flexing the arm at the elbow and rotating the hand laterally? | biceps brachii |
| Which of the following muscles moves the thigh? | gluteus medius and gluteus minimus |
| Blood pressure is greatest in the arteries __________. | when the ventricles contract |
| Chest pain caused by __________ generally occurs only during body movements. | sore muscles |
| If chest pain follows a meal and increases when the patient bends over, it is generally due to __________. | heartburn |
| In the clinical setting, blood pressure refers to __________. | arterial pressure |
| The __________ are small vessels that carry oxygenated blood. | capillaries |
| The __________ are small vessels that carry deoxygenated blood. | veins |
| The __________ arteries supply blood to the forearm and hand. | ulnar and radial |
| The __________ vein is the major vein in the legs. | saphenous |
| The purpose of the four valves of the heart is to __________. | ensure one-way blood flow |
| Venules and arterioles are connected by __________. | capillaries |
| What causes a myocardial infarction? | obstruction of blood flow to the heart muscle |
| What is the name of the valve that is also known as the mitral valve? | bicuspid |
| Which artery supplies blood to the thigh? | femoral |
| Which component of the cardiac conduction system is located between the ventricles and splits into left and right branches? | bundle of His |
| Which of following is a membrane that covers the heart? | pericardium |
| Which of the following are the strongest blood vessels that function to carry blood away from the heart? | arteries |
| Which of the following causes chest pain only when someone pushes on the chest? | costochondritis |
| Which of the following causes of chest pain is heart-related? | Angina |
| Which of the following is the thickest layer of the heart, which is made up of muscle? | myocardium |
| Which part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the wall of the right atrium? | SA node |
| Which part of the cardiac conduction system is known as the pacemaker of the heart? | SA node |
| Which part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the walls of the ventricles and cause the ventricles to contract? | Purkinje fibers |
| Which part of the cardiac conduction system receives the impulse from the SA node? | AV node |
| Which valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle? | bicuspid |
| In which condition does inflammation cause an obstruction in the tubes of the bronchial tree? | asthma |
| In which disorder is airflow to the lungs limited and do the alveoli become enlarged? | COPD |
| It is best to position a baby on its back for sleep to decrease the chance of __________. This is especially important for those known to be at risk, those with previous apneic episodes, or those who have lost a sibling. | SIDS |
| Normally, when blood levels of carbon dioxide rise, __________. | the rate and depth of breathing increase |
| Smokers are much more likely to develop __________ than are nonsmokers, and repeated episodes increase a person's chance of eventually developing lung cancer. | bronchitis |
| The __________ are the part of the respiratory tree to which the alveoli are attached. | bronchioles |
| The __________ is the total amount of air that the lungs can hold. | total lung capacity |
| The amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs during a normal breath is the __________. | tidal volume |
| The nasal cavity is divided by the __________. | nasal septum |
| What is the medical term for the opening between the vocal cords? | glottis |
| Which of the following can normally cause an increased respiratory rate and depth? | increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood |
| Which of the following exerts control on the respiratory rhythm? | medulla oblongata |
| Which of the following is a relatively new respiratory disease caused by a virus that is very contagious and sometimes fatal? | SARS |
| Which of the following is an acute type of bacterial pneumonia caused by bacteria found in air conditioning systems? | Legionnaire's disease |
| Which of the following is caused by a virus and lasts 5–10 days? | influenza |
| Which of the following is caused by smoking or by exposure to radon, asbestos, or industrial carcinogens? | lung cancer |
| Which of the following lines the nasal cavity and helps remove pathogens? | cilia |
| Which of the following prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing? | epiglottis |
| Which of these are tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange occurs? | alveoli |
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evelynlarios1
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