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endocrine diseases
endocrine diseases and conditions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acidosis | increase in the acidity of blood, body fluids, and tissues due to an excess of hydrogen ions |
| acromegaly | Enlargement of the face, feet, and hands; malfunction of the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland, causes hypersecretion of GH |
| Addison’s disease | insufficient secretion of cortisol and sometimes aldosterone; characterized by progressive anemia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, fatigue, increased skin pigmentation, joint pain, and loss of appetite |
| adenocarcinoma | Malignant tumor of a gland or mucus- secreting organ; cancers of the pancreas, lung, prostate, colon, and/or esophagus |
| adrenal feminization | Pathological development of female secondary sex characteristics in a male |
| adrenal virilism | Presence or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a female |
| cretinism | Congenital hypothyroidism (reduced activity of the thyroid gland) due to lack of thyroid hormone secretion |
| Cushing’s syndrome | hypersecretion of cortisol; may be caused by a tumor or prolonged use of steroids; causes weakness; thin, easily bruised skin; hypertension; and weight gain |
| diabetes insipidus | Rare type of diabetes caused by inadequate secretion of ADH by the posterior pituitary gland; causes polydipsia and polyuria |
| diabetes mellitus | Insufficient production of insulin or the body’s inability to use insulin efficiently; causes hyperglycemia, glucose in the urine, which is called glycosuria |
| type 1 diabetes (DM continued) | Diabetes mellitus in which insulin secretion is deficient due to abnormalities in the islets of Langerhans, causing hyperglycemia. |
| type 2 diabetes (DM continued) | insulin production may be normal, but the body cannot use the insulin efficiently, nor can it increase insulin production sufficiently to compensate |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | complication of diabetes in which the body produces acidic ketone bodies (waste products) as a result of high blood glucose levels |
| diabetic retinopathy | complication of diabetes mellitus that results in damage to the retina of the eye |
| dwarfism | being abnormally small or short, usually defined as an adult height of 4′10 |
| edema | Localized or general condition of excessive fluid retention and swelling in body tissues |
| exophthalmos | Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball, usually due to hyperthyroidism; increases tissue volume behind the eyes, causing them to bulge |
| gigantism | Excessive growth of body parts, often due to hypersecretion of GH |
| Graves’ disease | Autoimmune condition that results in hyperthyroidism; characterized by bulging eyeballs and an enlarged thyroid gland |
| gynecomastia | abnormally large mammary glands (breast tissue) in a male |
| hirsutism | excessive growth of hair or presence of body hair in unusual places, especially in women; has several hormonal causes that result in the overproduction of androgens |
| hyperparathyroidism | Excessive production of PTH that results in degeneration of the bones; also known as von Recklinghausen’s disease of bone |
| insulinoma | Tumor of the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans that causes the beta cells to keep secreting insulin even when a person’s blood glucose is very low; usually benign, but results in hypoglycemia |
| myxedema | Severe form of hypothyroidism that occurs in older children and adults; characterized by puffy skin and swelling of the laryngeal and pharyngeal mucous membranes |
| obesity | Abnormal amount of fat on the body; more than 20 percent over average weight for age, gender, build, and height; can also be caused by hypothyroidism or Cushing’s syndrome |
| panhypopituitarism | Condition of inadequate secretion, or total lack of secretion, of anterior pituitary hormones |
| peripheral neuropathy | Damage to the nerves that causes pain and weakness, particularly in the hands and feet |
| pheochromocytoma | Tumor of the adrenal glands that secretes excess epinephrine and norepinephrine, resulting in pounding headaches, hypertension, palpitations, paleness, and shortness of breath |
| SIADH | Excessive secretion of ADH, which increases blood volume; causes increased blood volume (hypervolemia) and low blood sodium concentration (hyponatremia) |
| tetany | Nervous excitability and muscle spasms caused by PTH deficiency and inadequate calcium levels |
| thyrotoxicosis | General term for a group of conditions caused by increases in T3 and T4 in the blood. Conditions include Graves’ disease, goiter, and some forms of hyperthyroidism |
Created by:
SiriP
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