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WHI Voacabulary
All of the vocabulary covered in WHI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monotheism | Belief in one god |
| Scribes | Clerks who read and wrote for those who didn't know how |
| Mummification | Process of preservig the body after death with chemicals |
| Caravans | Groups of people traveling together for safety over long distances |
| Rosetta Stone | The key to understanding hieroglyphics |
| Papyrus | Paper made from the stem of a plant |
| Dynasty | Family of rulers whoes right to rule is hereditary |
| Pharaoh | Translates to mean "Great House," but it is the title for Egyptian rulers |
| Empire | Form of government that unites different territories and people under one ruler |
| Polytheism | Belief in many gods |
| Cleopatra | Woman pharaoh who tries to reunite Egypt but is unsuccessful and the Roman Empire takes over |
| Thutmose III | (Step)-Son of the first female pharaoh, ruled during the New Kingdom |
| Mentuhotep | Pharaoh who does two national work projects to create farmland and new transportation routes, ruled during the Middle Kingdom |
| Amenhotep IV | Banned all of the Egyptian gods during his reign execpt the sun god |
| Ramses II | This pharaoh was called "The Great" and built many temples and monuments |
| Hatshepsut | First female pharaoh |
| Tutankhamen | Young boy pharaoh whose tomb was found untouched in the "Valley of the Kings". He also returned Egypt to its polytheistic ways |
| Menes | United upper and lower Egypt into one kingdom |
| Sumerians | Built ziggurats, arches, domes, the wheel, and wrote Cuniform |
| Babylonians | *Created the Code of Hammurabi*Created great cities in Akkad and Babylon*Gave women property and economic rights |
| Assyrians | Fierce, effective warriors who used chariots and cavalry |
| Phoenicians | *Skilled in metal working and glass blowing and created purple dye*Created an alphabet*Were great sea traders and had a city in Africa named Carthage |
| Persians | *Allowed conquered people to keep their own religions and laws*Built a system of roads*Cyrus, Darius, and Xerxes were their famous leaders who expanded the empire*Believed in Zoroastrianism |
| Monism | Belief in the unity of God and Creation |
| maya | Illusory world of senses according to Hinduism |
| Reincarnation | Belief in rebirth of souls |
| Nirvana | Perfect spiritual peace, as taught in HInduism |
| Polygamy | Practice where a man is allowed to have more than one wife |
| Suttee | Ancient Indian practice of letting a woman committ suicide after her husands death |
| Inoculation | Practice of infecting people with a mild form of a disease in order to protect them from a more serious illness |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Founder of Buddhism |
| Monsoons | Winds that mark the seasons in India |
| Citadel | Strontg centaral fortress of a city |
| Raja | Prince that ruled and Ido-Aryan village, another name for the chieftain |
| Epics | Long poem based on historical or religious themes |
| Caste System | Complex form of social organization that began with the Indo-Aryans |
| Varnas | Social classes in Indian Society |
| Civil Service System | Centrallized system that runs the day-to-day business of government. People eventually had to take test to have these jobs. |
| Leveling | Price control on goods by the government |
| Silk Road | Trade route that connected China and the Mediterranean Sea |
| Confucius | Founder of Confucianism |
| Laozi | Gounder of Daoism |
| Bureaucracy | Government organized itno different levels and tasks |
| Animism | Belief tht spirits inhabit everything |
| Oracle Bones | Priests would write questions on these and then set fire to them and interpret the cracks for answers |
| Calligraphy | Chinese art of writing |
| Autocracy | Government in which the ruler holds absolute power |
| Hoplites | Standing army that was able to afford weapons |
| Frescoes | Paintings on wet plaster |
| Odyssey | *The epic adventures of King Odysseus*Written by Homer |
| Iliad | *The epic of the Trojan War*Written by Homer |
| Acropolis | A hilll in the Greek polis |
| King Minos | The king of the Minoans |
| Mycenaeans | Greeks who lived on mainland Greece |
| Oracles | The way in which the gods communicated with humans |
| Myths | Stories about Greek gods that help explain nature and the human condition |
| Pericles | The great leader of Athens during the Golden Age |
| Homer | Blind poet who lived during the 700s B.C. |
| Persian Wars | Spartans and Athenians joi8n forces to defeat the enemy |
| Tyranny | Government: Ruled by a brutal leader who illegally took power |
| Monarchy | Government: ruled by one head chief, leader, king, or queen |
| Aristocracy | Government: ruled by "the best" or th noble class |
| Pelopnnesian League | A group of city-states led by Sparta |
| Democracy | Government: ruled by the people |
| Athens | Polis with the best Greek navy |
| Sparta | Polis with the best Greek army |
| Battle of Thermopylae | 300 Spartans vs. an army of Persians |
| Delian League | A group of city-states led by Athens |
| Oligarchy | Government: ruled by the few |
| Peloponnesian War | Spartans and their league vs. Athenians and their league. The Spartans win. |
| Polis | A Greek city-state |
| Patricians | Nobility, wealthy class of Roman citizens |
| Hannibal | Leader of the Carthaginian army during the Punic Wars |
| Punic Wars | 100 year war between Rome and Carthage |
| Plebeians | The working class of Roman citizens, farmers, artisans |
| Twelve Tables | Laws engraded on metal and placed in the Forum for all to see |
| Gladiators | Trained fighters or often times slaves that fought humans or animals in frnt of a crowd in the Coliseum |
| Consuls | The two chief executives in the Roman Republic |
| Tribunes | 10 member pebeian councils to discuss if laws are in the interest of the people |
| Republic | Government: Voters elect officials to run the government |
| Spartacus | A slave in the Roman Republic who led a brutal revolt in 73 B.C. |
| Nero | This ruler was insane. He killed many people including his own mother and wife. |
| Augustus Caesar | Also named OctavianHis reign began the Pax Romana |
| Julius Caesar | Member of the 1st TriumverateIncreased senate to 900 membersAssassinated in March 44 B.C |
| Scipio | Leader of the Roman army during the Punic Wars |
| Marc Antony | A general and ally of Caesar who drove the killers and took control of Rome.He was also part of the 2nd Triumverate |
| Muhammad | Founder of IslamAngel Gabriel revealed to him verses to reciteHe was a prophet |
| Allah | The Muslim word for God |
| Qur'an/Koran | Holy book of Islam |
| Moors | Muslims who crossed over into and lived in Spain |
| Muslims | Followers of Islam |
| Hijrah | Journey from Mecca to Medina made by Muhammad in 622 A.D. |
| Jihad | Struggle to defend the faith |
| Mosque | Building of worship in IslamNo furninshings or pictures |
| Astrolabe | Allowed observers to chart the position of the stars and calculate their own position on Earth |
| "Thousand and One Nights" | Collection of Muslim Folktales including Sinbad and Aladdin |
| Age of Faith | Term used during the Middle Ages to suggest the growth of Christianity |
| Longship | Viking ships that could hold 50 men and were able to cross the Atlantic Ocean |
| Franks | Germanic tribe that attacks rome and settles in Western Europe (France) |
| Charlemagne | Frankish leader that gained land for the FranksBecame known as "Charles the Great"Crowned Holy Roman Emperor |
| Christendom | All the countries or people who are predominantly Christian |
| Leif Ericson | Norse explorer who is thought to be the first European to step foot on North America |
| Serf | Peasants that were bound to the land where they worked for a lord |
| Count | European nobleman in charge of a county |
| Lord | The king or noblemen from whom the vassal received land |
| Monk | A man who gives up all worldly possessions and devotes his life to the church by taking the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience |
| Treaty of Verdun | Agreement sighned by Chalemagne's grandsons that split the Holy Roman Empire into three parts |
| Clovis | Strong military leader who around 500 A.D. became the first Germanic ruler to convert to Christianity |
| Manor | A large landed estate usually belonging to a feudal lord |
| Missi dominici | Appointed officials tht helped Charlemagne run his empireTranslated to "the lords messengers" |
| Dark Ages | The early part of the Middle Ages characterized by its lack of learning and culture |
| Patrick | Was credited with bringing Christianity to Ireland in 432 A.D. |
| Kinght | A mounted warrior serving a king or other lord |
| Charles Martel | Known as "The Hammer"Frankish leader who defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours |
| Monastery | Building or gourp of buildings where a community of religious people live and work |
| Fief | Grant of land given to a vassal by a lord |
| Abbot | Head of a monastery who controlled and distributed all property |
| Vikings | Germanic people from Scandinavia who often raided western Europe during 800s to 900s A.D |
| Clergy | The body of religious officials especially prepared to conduct religious services, as priests. |
| Medieval | Term that describes the period of western European history known as the middle ages |
| Benedict | Founded a community of monks that followed the Benedictine Rules |
| Vassal | Person that was granted land from a nobel in return for services |
| Eric the Red | Founded the first Nordic settlement in Greenland, fled there to escape murder charges |
| Pepin the Short | Put the Carolingians in power, helped the Pope defeat the Lombards, and gve the land to the Pope |
| Amaterasu | The Sun Goddess |
| Emperor Jinmu | 1st emperor of Japan |
| Yamato Clan | Dynasty that rules Honshu for 1000 years Claims to be descendants of Amaterasu |
| Archipelago | Chain of islands |
| Ring of Fire | Lands in Asia that are susceptible to earhquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis |
| Tsunami | Large wave |
| Pagoda | Architecture that is copied from Buddhism |
| Kana | Language written with phonetic symbols for syllables |
| Fujiwara | Noble families in power |
| Lady Murasaki-Shikibu | Author of the first novel, Tale of the Genji. |
| Shinto | Religion that is based n nature and ancestral worship |
| Kami | Clan gods in Shintoism |
| Philip II (Spain) | Increases the empire of Spain |
| Ivan III | Known as "the Great" The first czar not under the rue of the Mongols |
| Ivan IV | Known as "The Terrible" for killing anyone in opposition to him |
| Pope Urban | Told the Christians tht if they died during the Cursades their sins would be forgiven |
| Saladin | Leader of the Muslims and defeanded the Holy Land and city of Jerusalem |
| William the Conqueror | Defeated the Anglo-Saxon army and became King of England |
| Henry II | Common Law had its beginning during his rule |
| King John | King who sighned the Magna Carta |
| Hugh Capet | Weak king who was used to expand the empireBegan the Capetian dynasty |
| Joan of Arc | French girl who led the armies during the Hundred Years WarBurned at the stake for being a heretic |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | Their marriage unites the two kingdoms of Spain |
| Michelangelo | Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and creates the David |
| Petrarch | A humanist scholar who writes love sonnets to "Laura" |
| Gutenberg | Invents the printing press and prints the Bible |
| Erasmus | Lived in Flanders and wrote The Praise of Folly, a satire of clergy, scholars, and merchants |
| Sir Thomas Moore | Writes about the perfect society in Utopia |
| Patron | A wealthy person who supports the arts financially |
| Machiavelli | He wrote an early treatise on government and argues that the end justifies the means |
| Leonardo da Vinci | An inventor as well as paints the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper |
Created by:
tlewis213
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