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medical term exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the name of the large process on the femur for attachment of tendons and muscle | trochanter |
| what is the name of the strong fibrous vascular membrane that covers the surface of the bone except at the ends of the epiphyses | periosteum |
| a narrow deep slit like opening in a bone is called | fissure |
| the bone that forms the forhead and roof of the bony sockets that contain the eyes is called | frontal |
| the 12 vertabrae that articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs are called the | thoracic vertabrae |
| the medial bone of the lower arm is called the | ulna |
| the uppermost and largest portion of the bones that make up the pelvic girdle is called the | ilium |
| what is the name of the largest of two bones of the lower leg? | tibia |
| bone is connected to another bone by a ___ ? | ligament |
| what is the name of the closed sac of synovial membrane and is located close but not within a joint? | bursae |
| this terms refers to inflammation of the joint | arthritis |
| what is a type of muscle that is voluntary or skeletal | striated |
| this kind of muscle is striated in appearance but acts like smooth | cardiac |
| the point of attachment of a muscle to stationary bone is called? | origin |
| to rotate the palm upward is called? | supination |
| what is the muscle that elevates the mandible? | temporalis |
| what is the crackling sound produced when end of bones rub together or against cartilage? | crepitus |
| a type of fracture where one fragment is driven firmly into the other is called | impacted |
| what is softening of the bone called? | osteomalacia |
| inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection is called? | osteomyelitis |
| what is the name for the type of arhtritis caused by excessive uric acid build up in the body? | gouty |
| what is the name for the surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint space | arthrocentesis |
| the name for surgical repair of a joint is called? | arthroplasty |
| the procedure to remove muscle tissue for microscopic examination is called a muscle? | biopsy |
| the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth is called the_______palate. | hard |
| how many central incisors are in the mouth of an adult? | 4 |
| the main substance of a tooth is called? | dentin |
| the flap that covers the trachea so that food cannot enter durin swallowing is called the? | epiglottis |
| the upper portion of the stomache is called the ? | fundus |
| the sphincter that controls when food leaves the stomach is called the _____sphincter? | pyloric |
| the second part of the small intestine is called the? | jejunum |
| this duct leads to the gallbladder | cystic |
| this tissue projections aids in sounds and speech | uvula |
| this lymphatic tissue produces lymphocytes which are disease fighting white blood cells | tonsils |
| these glands produce saliva that contains important digestive enzymes. what glands are they? | salivary |
| the act of swallowing is called? | degluition |
| the function of the stomach is to prepare food for the ? | small intestine |
| enzymes and____help digest food before it passes in to the jejunum | bile |
| _______is the passage of feces from the body through the anus | defecation |
| another important function of the liver is to maintain normal blood_____levels? | glucose |
| ALT and SGPT are examples of results found when preforming what group of tests? | LFT's |
| the test is also called a barium enema | lower GI |
| this is an Xray test that shows a cross sectional image of internal organs | CT scan |
| this test would show how an image of the liver after injection radioactive material into the blood stream | Liver scan |
| the abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen is called_____? | ascites |
| ________ is the unpleasant sensation in the stomach and tendency to vomit | nausea |
| difficulty in swallowing is called | dysphagia |
| protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it is called | hernia |
| this comb. form means belly or abdomen | celi/o |
| the comb. form for colon or large intestine is | col/o |
| the comb. form for the liver is | hepat/o |
| this comb. form means fat or lipid | lip/o |
| the comb. form that means humpback is | kyph/o |
| the comb. form for bone marrow is | myel/o |
| this comb. form pertains to the ribs | cost/o |
| the comb. form that means pore or passage is | porosis |
| ab- | away from |
| -ac | pertaining to |
| acr- | extremities |
| ad- | towards |
| angi- | vessel blood |
| arthr- | joint |
| -ary | pertaining to |
| -ase | enzyme |
| carcin- | cancer |
| cardi- | heart |
| -cele | hernia |
| cortic- | cortex |
| crani- | skull |
| -cyt(e) | cell |
| de- | lack of |
| -dilation | widening/stretching |
| dist- | far |
| dorsi- | back |
| -dynia | pain |
| melanin | gives skin it's color |
| colllagen | tough fibrous tissue that gives skin its elasticity |
| keratin | hard protein found in epidermis,hair fibers,and nails |
| onycholysis | loosening of nail from it's plate |
| macule | discolored |
| vesicle | blister |
| wheal | smooth elevated edematous lesion |
| pruritus | itching |
| nevus | mole |
| urticaria | hives |
| xeroderma | dry skin |
| tinea | fungal skin infection |
| ossification | bone formation |
| 3 layers of skin | epidermis,dermis,subcantaneous tissue |
| fossa | shallow cavity in a bone |
| cranial bones: | frontal,temporal,parietal,occipital |
| osteoitis | inflammtion of the bone |
| flexion | bending of joint |
| extension | straightening of joint |
| pronation | turn palm down |
| rotation | move in circular motion |
| Rheumato | literally means watery flow |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of gallbladder |
| cholelithiasis | presence or development of gallstones |
| syncope | fainting |
| bells palsy | unilateral usually temporary |
| myasthenia gravis | disorder of neuromuscular function by muscle weakness especially of throat & face |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic and radio waves to create images |
| PET | positron emission imaging/radioactive chemical is injected |
| EEG | electroencephalogram/record of electrical activity of the brain |
| cornea | cover's pupil |
| retina | nerve layer in posterior of eye |
| astigmatism | curvature of cornea or lens |
| hyperopia | farsightedness |
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| presbyopia | impairment of vision due to aging |
| exotropia | outward turning of eye |
| esotropia | inward turning of eye |
| cataract | clouding of lens |
| pinna | outer ear |
| 3 bones of ear | malleus,incus,stapes |
| tinnitus | ringing in the ear |
| oxytocin | stimulates contractions of uterus during labor |
| cushings syndrome | excess secretion of cortisol from adrenal cortex/abnormally pigmented skin |
| addisons disease | decrease in production of mineralcorticoids and glucocorticoidsfrom adrenal cortex. |
| diabetes mellitus | lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin |
| diabetes insipidus | producing too little ADH from posterior pituitary rsulting in kidneys failing to reabsorb needed water and salt |
| polyphagia | increased appetite or overeating |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| immune | "protect" |
| natural immunity | genetic predisposition |
| acquired immunity | body develops or receives immunity |
| active | body actually produces the antibodies by having the disease oor receiving a vaccination that stimulates antibody production |
| passive | given actual antibodies produced from another source |
| aneurysm | local widening of a blood vessel(ballooning) |
| thrombus | blood clot attached to interior wall of blood vessel |
| embolus | a mass such as blood clot or foreign object that circulates in the bloodstream until it becomes lodged in a vessel too small to allow it to pass |
| tachycardia | rapid heart rate |
| angina pectoris | episode of chest pain resulting from temporary difference between supply and demand of oxygen to the heart muscle |
| myocardial ischemia | a deficiency of blood to the heart muscle usually caused by construction or obstruction of a coronary blood vessel and often marked by pain and cardiac dysfunction |
| myocardial infarction | necrosis of a portion of the myocardial muscle due to obstruction in a coronary artery caused by atherosclerosis or thrombus or spasm(MI/heart attack) |
| coronary angiography | dye injected into blood stream or heart chamber & xrays taken of heart and large blood vessels in chest |
| erythrocyes | red blood cells contain hemoglobin |
| leukocytes | white blood cells |
| thrombocytes | platelets, blood cloting |
| hematocrit | percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood |
| prothrombin time | test of the ability of the blood to clot |
| dyspnea | labored or difficult breathing |
| orthopnea | dysonea in which a person mus sit upright in order to breathe comfortably |
| atelectasis | incomplete expansion of alveoli |
| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of bronchi secondary to infection that involves lower portion of lung |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| auscultation | listening to sounds withing the bodyfor the purpose of evaluating the condition of organs |
| percussion | tapping a body part to deermine the density of the underlying parts |
| bronchoscopy | process of visually examing the bronchial tubes |
| gynecomastia | excessive growth of the mammary glands in men usually during puberty |
| hydrocele | swelling in scrotum due to fluid in the scrotal sac |
| cryptorchism | undescended testicle |
| orchitis | inflammation of the testes |
| varicocle | enlarged,dilated,veins near the testicles |
| dysmenorrhea | painful menstrual bleeding |
| amenorrhea | absence of menses for 6 months or for longer than 3 of the patients normal cycles |
| oligomenorrhea | abnormally light or infrequent menstrual flow |
| endomentriosis | endometrial tissue found in abnormal locations |
| leiomyomas | also called fibroids |
| oliguria | scanty urine |
| pyuria | pus in the urine |
| nocturia | night time urination |
| analgesics | pain killers |
| diuretics | water pills |
| antipyretics | medications that reduce fever |
| ac | before meals |
| pc | after meals |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| antipruritic | med given to block itching |
| antihyperlipidemic | med given to decrease cholesterol |
| antipyretic | medication with fever reducing properties |
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