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SouthAsia&HinJainSik
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| capital of India | New Delhi |
| this country has 800 languages and dialects | India |
| Where is the Taj Mahal? | Agra |
| capital of Bangladesh | Dhaka |
| this country is a huge delta; heaviest rainfall on the planet; top producer of jute | Bangladesh |
| capital of Bhutan | Thimphu |
| language is Dzongkha; 70% Buddhism; has a wilderness reserve for the yeti | Bhutan |
| capital of Nepal | Kathmandu |
| 90% mountains; birthplace of Buddha | Nepal |
| capital of Sri Lanka | Colombo |
| formerly Ceylon; #1 producer of graphite | Sri Lanka |
| capital of Afghanistan | Kabul |
| what is the world's most populous democratic nation? | India |
| what are the two main mountain ranges in this region? | the Himalayas and the Karakoram |
| what is the most sacred river for Indians? | the Ganges |
| why are mostly the female children malnourished and underfed? | they are less important; can't provide for family as much |
| what was the heart of the early civilization that developed in this area? | the Indus River Valley |
| what is an early sophisticated city from the Indus civilization? | Harappa |
| when did Islam first appear in the region? | 700 AD |
| when did Genghis Khan and the Mongols occupy the Punjab region? | 1250's |
| when did the Mongols break up? | the 14th century |
| when did the Moguls first appear? | the 16th century |
| who were the first Europeans to arrive in this region? | the Portuguese |
| who built the Taj Mahal? | Shah Jahan |
| how were the Muslim Mogul rulers? | tolerant of other faiths |
| what types of Hindus found Islam appealing? | the Untouchables |
| when did British Colonialism begin? | 1500 |
| what motivated the European powers? | search for raw materials, trade markets, spices |
| what did the British due to gain power? | they exploited the rivalries between the Hindus and the Muslims; in the chaos and confusion they rose to power |
| who controlled Indian trade until 1857? | the British East India Company |
| when did the British East India Company hand power over to the British government? | 1857 |
| what were the few positive contributions of colonialism? | a railroad system, roads, and an irrigation system |
| what is the Indian National Conference? | a political party in India that was led by Gandhi that fought for independence from the British |
| when was India split up into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan? | August 15, 1947 |
| When did East Pakistan declare independence and what did its name change to? | 1971; Bangladesh |
| what is another name for the untouchable caste? | Dalits |
| what is the Prevention of Atrocities Act and when was it passed? | passed in 1989, this Act made it illegal to parade untouchables naked threw the streets and other harmful acts |
| what is Civil Disobedience? | the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government or of an occupying power |
| the only fertile land in this county is found north of the Hindu Kush | Afghanistan |
| this country was created as a homeland for Muslims living in India; Urdu is the official language | Pakistan |
| what is the most populous nation in the world? | China |
| who united the subcontinent in the 16th century? | the Moguls |
| who were two important political figures from the movie Gandhi? | Jinna represented the Muslims Nehru represented the Hindus |
| The Hindu triad of gods includes... | Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva |
| What year did India achieve Independence? | 1947 |
| this country is almost completely dependent on the Indus River | Pakistan |
| the doctrine of monism holds that | all reality is ultimately one |
| traditionally there are how many Hindu gods and goddesses? | 330 million |
| what sparked the Sepoy Revolution in India in 1857? | New Enfield rifles being greased with pork and beef fat |
| what is sati? | the traditional burning of widows |
| what was a negative effect of colonialism? | major economic setback |
| who is the creator god born from a lotus? | Brahma |
| who preserves the universe and is part of the Hindu holy trinity? | Vishnu |
| goddess of death; deity of time | Kali |
| destroyer of the world, god of Yogis; goddess of kindness | Shiva |
| elephant head; lord of all beings | Ganesha |
| known for bravery and plays the flute to spread love | Krishna |
| goddess of light, beauty, and wealth | Lakshmi |
| monkey face; god of strength and perseverance | Hanuman |
| goddess of wisdom, knowing and knowledge | Saraswati |
| where did Gandhi study law? | England |
| what was the first instance that Gandhi used civil disobedience to protest an injustice? | in South Africa, Gandhi burned identity cards that Indians were forced to carry |
| how did British clothiers make indigo farmers poor? | the farmers depended on Indians buying their indigo to dye clothes; but British started to outsell them |
| What does Bapu mean? | father |
| what is possibly the world's oldest religion? | Hinduism |
| which religion has no founder and no fixed doctrine? | Hinduism |
| the third largest religion | Hinduism |
| what is the belief that everything is part of one reality? | monism |
| in Hinduism, what is the divine essence? | Brahman |
| in Hinduism, what is the deepest core or soul of a human being? | Atman |
| what is the difference between Brahman and Atman? | Brahman is ultimate reality seen from a cosmic point of view, and atman is the same reality from a personal viewpoint |
| according to Hinduism, what is the problem with most people? | they are blinded to divine essence |
| what are the four goals of a Hindu? | Kama, Artha, Dharma, and Moksha |
| what is Kama? | the goal of desire |
| what is Artha? | the goal of worldly success |
| what is the goal of Dharma? | the goal of duty |
| what is moksha? | the supreme and final goal |
| what is Karma? | law of cause and effect; determines your next life |
| what is Dharma? | the standard; ethical duty based on the divine reality seen as a complete rule of life |
| what are the four stages of life in a Hindu? | 1. student 2. householder 3. forest dweller stage 4. sannyasin- in society but detached |
| what is sannyasin? | the last stage of a Hindus life they are in society but detached |
| What are the four castes? | in order from highest rank to lowest: Brahmin Kshatriya Vaishya Shudra |
| who were the Brahmin? | the priests |
| who were the Kshatriyas? | warriors and leaders; protectors |
| who were the Shudra? | servants and laborers |
| who were the untouchables? | lower than shudras, not even considered a caste because they are so low |
| is the caste system legal today? | no |
| what are the three sacred texts of Hinduism? | the Rig Veda, the Upanishads, and the Ghagaved-Gita |
| what is the oldest text of Hinduism? | the Rig Veda |
| what are the philosophical commentaries on the Rig Vedas? | the Upanishads |
| what is Hinduisms most popular text? | Bhagaved-Gita |
| what are the three paths to Liberation in Hinduism? | Karma Marga "the Path of Works" Jnana Marga "the Path of Knowledge" Bhakti Marga "the Path of Devotion" |
| what does the word "marga" mean? | path |
| describe Karma Marga | selfless action; one must do one's duty, but not because of fear of punishment or hope of reward the right action is done without expectation of praise or blame service-rendered without any interest in its effects |
| what is an example of Karma Marga? | you study because its right. not because you want to get A's or don't want to get F's |
| describe Jnana Marga | the path of abstract knowledge through the means of attaining scriptural knowledge |
| what do members of Jnana Marga believe is the root of all problems? | ignorance |
| what is the analogy explaining Jnana Marga? | fire of knowledge reduces all karma to ashes like it does to firewood |
| what is the most common path to liberation in Hinduism? | Bhakti Marga |
| describe Bhakti Marga | movement that began in South India in the 6th century love of god, surrender to the guru and to the chosen deity |
| what is cosmology? | understanding the nature of the Universe |
| what do Hindus believe happens when you die? | you are reincarnated |
| what is the shrine in Hindu homes? | Puja |
| what is Arthi? | the ceremony of worship in front of statues of gods |
| who emphasizes the harmony and tolerance that are characteristics of his religion? | Shri Ramakrishna |
| Hinduism is described as | many rivers into one ocean |
| what is the Hindu term for liberation? | moksha |
| moksha means | release a release from the limited realm of existence into the infinite ocean of the divine |
| what is the doctrine that states that an individual is reincarnated from one life form to another? | the doctrine of samsara |
| what does Karma literally translate as? | action |
| what determines your caste identity? | your karma in a past life |
| Kama means | pleasure |
| Karma Marga is for the | Active |
| Jnana Marga is for the | Philosophical |
| Bhakti Marga is for the | Emotional |
| what is the shortest but steepest path to liberation? | Jnana Marga |
| in Hinduism, what is cosmic illusion? | Maya |
| what asserts that reality is composed of matter, and an infinite number of eternal selves? | Sankhya |
| who are the most important gods? | Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva the creator, the preserver, and the destroyer |
| which god is rarely worshipped anymore? | Brahma |
| what is an avatar? | an incarnation, or living embodiment of a deity |
| who is a popular avatar? | Rama |
| when was Gandhi assassinated? | 1948 |
| who established the Ramakrishna Mission? | Swami Vivekananda |
| in Hinduism, who were forced to carry bowls around their necks to collect their spittle in? | the untouchables |
| the goddess of wisdom | Saraswati |
| known as the "dark mother" | Kali |
| an avatar of Vishnu | Krishna |
| a person following this path would spend a great deal of time meditating and studying | Jnana Marga |
| The path that was advocated by Mahatma Gandhi and that is marked by an attitude of unselfishness in all aspects | Karma Marga |
| The predominate path a yogi would follow | Jnana Marga |
| Tulsidas followed this path | Bhakti Marga |
| what determined a person's dharma? | the individuals gender, stage of life, and class |
| yoga comes from the root word for | yoke |
| the wheel of rebirth or reincarnation | samsara |
| cosmic illusion | maya |
| liberation or release of the individual self, from the bondage of reincarnation | moksha |
| one who renounces physical pleasure for the sake of spiritual gain | ascetic |
| the eternal self or soul of an individual | atman |
| the moral law of cause and effect | Karma |
| the principle of non-violence | Ahimsa |
| the earthly embodiment or incarnation of a god | Avatar |
| religious rituals Hindus perform for their chosen gods | Puja |
| philosophical commentaries on the Vedas | the Upanishads |
| a wandering ascetic who has advanced to the fourth and highest stage in life | sannyasin |
| monks and nuns of this religion practice rigorous self-denial known as | Jainism; asceticism |
| why do Jains in modern India tend to be wealthier? | Jainists avoided agriculture- went into banking, finance, etc. |
| Who is the major character in Jainism; a contemporary of the Buddha? | Mahavira |
| When was Mahavira? | lived from 599 to 527 BC |
| what is a tirthankara? | spiritual conquerors of the past who have obtained salvation |
| Mahavira was the _____ Tirthankara | 24th |
| what is kevala? | Jain enlightenment; perfect and complete knowledge |
| what is ahimsa? | the principles of non-violence |
| what is asceticism? | the defining characteristics of Jainism |
| what is central to Jainism? | compassion for all life, human and non-human |
| what are the two categories in Jain religious life? | the Laypeople and Ascetics |
| in Jainism, all souls are | equal |
| What are the two sects of ascetics? | the Shvetambaras and the Digambaras |
| Shvetambaras believe that women_______, while the Digambaras believe that women ________ | can attain kevala; must first be reborn as men before reaching kevala |
| True or False, the Shvetambaras believe that food is still needed after attaining kevala | true |
| what to the Digambaras say you don't need after Kevala? | food |
| about ____ of India's population are Jainist | 2% |
| Jainism is drived from the word ____ which means ____ | jina; means conqueror |
| who is the most recent tirthankara? | Mahavira |
| the Jain Universe is called the | Loka |
| what are the two types inhabited in Jains Loka? | living things called Jivas; and nonliving things called ajivas |
| contrary to monism, the Doctrine of Pluralism says that | all reality is ultimately many things |
| Which sect of Jainism wheres white robes? | the Shvetambaras |
| Which sect of Jainism says that the ski is their robe? | the Digambaras |
| True or false, the Digambaras are less conservative than the Shvetambaras | false; the Digambaras are more conservative than the Shvetambaras |
| what are the Five Great Vows of Jainism? | 1. Do not injure other life-forms 2. avoid lying 3. do not take what has not been given 4. renounce sexual activity 5. renounce possesion |
| the important ethical principle of non-violence is | ahimsa |
| spiritual conquerors of the past are called | tirthankaras |
| what are also known as "makers of the river crossing" in Jainism? | Tirthankaras |
| who died after fasting to death? | Mahavira |
| followers of which religion are vegetarian and won't eat root vegetables? | Jainism |
| which religion has tirthankaras? | Jainism |
| The symbol of this religion is a giant hand with a circle or wheel | Jainism |
| this is one of the world's youngest religions | Sikhism |
| where do mosts followers of Sikhism live? | in the Punjab region |
| what is the central structure of worship in Sikhism? | a gurdwara |
| Who founded Sikhism? | Guru Nanak |
| When was Guru Nanak? | 1469-1539 |
| what is Sikhism's sacred text? | the Adi Granth |
| what is the current Guru of Sikhism? | the Adi Granth |
| where is the Golden Temple of Sikhism? | Amristar |
| who built the Golden Temple? | the 5th guru, Guru Anjan |
| who is considered the greatest Guru after Nanak? | Gobind Singh; the 10th guru |
| what was Gobind Singh's nickname? | Gobind the Lion |
| who instituted the Khalsa? | Guru Gobind Singh |
| What are the Five K's of the Khalsa? | the Kesh- uncut hair; the Kanga- comb; the Kara- a steel wrist guard; the Kachera- shorts/underwear; the Kirpan- a sword or knife |
| what are the three guiding principles of Sikh life? | worship, work, and charity |
| a guru is a | spiritual teacher |
| Sikh means | learner |
| what is the Adi Granth commonly referred to as? | Guru Granth Sahib |
| the community of Sikhs are the | Panth |
| who compiled the Adi Granth? | Guru Arjan; the 5th Guru |
| Adi Granth translate as | the first book |
| Gobind Singh was the _____ guru | 10th |
| member of the khalsa are called the | pure ones |
| who had a mystical experience lasting 3 days in which God gave him a cup of nectar | Guru Nanak |
| which religion was created in the 16th century? | Sikhism |
| which religion attempts to reconcile the differences between Hinduism and Islam? | Sikhism |
| which religion has a reputation as the most militant of religions in Southwest Asia? | Sikhism |
| what are two examples of the experiential dimension of Hinduism? | moksha, and samadhi |
| what is the Mythic dimension in Hinduism? | the stories and descriptions of the 330 million gods and goddesses |
| what is the Doctrinal dimension in Hinduism? | monism, teachings of Sankhya and Yoga |
| what is the Ethical dimension of Hinduism? | rules and ideals of dharma |
| what are Ritual dimensions in Hinduism? | the various forms of worship practived by followers of Bhakti marga |
| what are examples of the Social dimension in Hinduism? | the caste system; various Hindu holy figures, such as the sannyasin |
| what are examples of Material dimension in Hinduism? | the Ganges River, clay figurines of deities, sacred cows |
| in Sikhism, what is haumai? | the human inclination toward being self-centered rather than god-centered; what separates us from God |
| in Sikhism, what is Hukam? | the divine order of the universe |
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