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Chap 9
Preexamination/Preanalytical Considerations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| preanalytical | before analysis |
| reference range | the results used for comparison become a range of values with high & low limits |
| normal values | test results within the range are said to be normal |
| basal state | refers to the resting metabolic state of the body early in the morning after fasting for approximately 12 hours. |
| hemoconcentration | a condition in which blood components that cannot easily leave the bloodstream become concentrated in the smaller plasma volume. |
| lipemic | cloudy white |
| turbid | cloudy |
| diurnal | daily |
| circadian | having a 24-hour cycle |
| jaundice | means yellow |
| bilirubin | is a yellow bile pigment that is the product of the destruction of RBC's & the breakdown of the hemoglobin they contain |
| icteric | relating to or marked by jaundice and is used to describe serum, plasma, or urine specimens that have an abnormal deep yellow to yellow-brown color due to high bilirubin level |
| postural pseudoanemia | the normal physiologic response to a change in position from standing to lying down |
| occluded | obstructed |
| sclerosed | hardened |
| thrombosed | clotted |
| edema | is swelling caused by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues |
| hematoma | is a swelling or mass of blood that can be caused by blood leaking from a blood vessel during or following venipuncture |
| mastectomy | surgical breast removal |
| lymphostasis | obstruction or stoppage of normal lymph flow |
| lymphedema | impaired lymph flow makes the arm susceptible to swelling |
| obese | extremely overweight |
| bariatric | longer tourniquets designed for the obese |
| paralysis | is the lose of muscle function |
| Vascular access devices (VADs) | are tubing & other devices that are specifically designed to allow entry to veins or arteries |
| intravenous | of, pertaining to , or within a vein |
| saline lock | a device filled with saline |
| arterial line | is a catheter that is placed in an artery |
| arteriovenous | is the permanent surgical connection of an artery and vein |
| AV fistula | is visible as a large bulging section of vein |
| AV graft | the shunt was created using a piece of vein or tubing to form a loop from the artery to the vein that can be seen under the skin |
| central vascular access device (CAVD) | also called an indwelling line, consists of tubing inserted into a main vein or artery |
| central venous line (CVC) | a line inserted into a large vein such as the subclavian and advanced into the superior vena cava, proximal to the right atrium |
| implanted port | a small chamber attached to an indwelling line that is surgically implanted under the skin and most commonly located in the upper chest or arm |
| peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) | a line inserted into the peripheral venous system (veins of the extremities) and threaded into the central venous system |
| syncope | a loss of consciousness and postural tone (ability to maintain an upright posture) resulting from insufficient blood flow to the brain |
| vasovagal | sudden faintness or loss of consciousness caused by a nervous system response to abrupt pain, stress, or trauma is a type of reflex syncope |
| petechiae | are tiny, nonraised red, purple, or brownish colored spots that appear on the patient's skin when a tourniquet is applied |
| thrombocytopenia | low platelet count |
| iatrogenic anemia | is an adjective used to describe an adverse condition brought on by the effects of treatment |
| exsanguination | blood loss to a point at which life cannot be sustained |
| venous stasis | the trapping of blood in an extremity by compression of veins |
| hemolysis | results when RBCs are damaged or destroyed & the hemoglobin they contain escapes into the fluid portion of the specimen |
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