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Religious Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tanakh (jewish) | Abbreviation for torah, nevi'im, and ketuvim. Holy book order from most important to least important. |
| Torah (jewish) | Law: first 5 books (genesis, exodus, leviticus, numbers, durotomy). It states that life with Torah is a "gift from God" and it is the "crown of life" |
| Nevi'im (jewish) | Prophets: former and latter; joshua, judges, samuel, and kings. Its role is to point people back to the Torah (asking questions, like are you following the Torah?). |
| Ketuvim (jewish) | Writing: this book mostly contains miscellaneous stories. It ends with chronicle: Babylonians exciled; Persian free them and let them go back to Jerusalem. Its role is to reflect of the life lived under Torah and wisdom. |
| Talmud (jewish) | An exceedingly difficult library of books on virtually every conceivable subject of human concern. It must be studied thoroughly and carefully. Reflects on firm beliefs in the absolute truth of the Torah, the written law. |
| Moses (jewish) | Saved Abrahams descendants from slavery (exodus from Egypt); takes them Mt. Sanai. Made a covenant with God which led to the 10 commandments. |
| Shema (jewish) | Shema=listen. The eternal jewish affirmation of faith is derived from the Torah. "Hear, O Isreal, the Lord our God..." (Deuteronomy 6:4-9). |
| Monotheism (all) | Serves only one God. Belief of Judaism and Christianity, and Islam. |
| YHWH (jewish) | Name of God in Hebrew, unsayable so you don't say name in vain. What the Israelites called God. |
| Tikkun Olam (jewish) | Jewish belief that believes in repairing the world ; their goal is to leave the world behind better than they found it. |
| K'lal Yisreal (jewish) | Jewish belief that all Jews are one even the ones that don't believe in God. |
| Mikvah (Mikveh) (jewish) | A process of immersion in water from continually fresh, flowing source for purposes of ritual purification. Your entire body must be submerged and everything that can get in-between your body and the water should be removed. Performed for special events |
| Tefillin (jewish) | Typically men, more women now (but still not common). Leather straps and box. You wrap them around your arm seven times ... |
| Circumcision (jewish) | At 8 days old only boys get circumcised. It is a religious ritual, not a medical procedure. Abraham made a covenant with God. If you convert to Judaism as an adult you must get circumcised again. |
| Rosh Hashanah (jewish) | Jewish New Year (high holy day) |
| Yom Kippur (jewish) | End of the Jewish year. "Day of Atonement" (holiest day in Judasim). Repentance, rekindling, renewal. |
| Passover (jewish) | Exodus from Egypt. Stories are told and special foods are given. |
| Pharisees (jewish) | Jews who developed into rabbinical (followers of rabis) jews after the destruction of the temple. |
| Minyan (jewish) | Ten jews in worship has to be ten to be considered a group prayer. Ideally have already had their batmitzvah. |
| Synagogue/ Temple (jewish) | Most local place of worship. |
| Kashrut (jewish) | Keeping "kosher"; being ritually fit. No dairy and meat in one sitting, meat must be butchured by kosher butcher, packaged food must have kosher label; fish with scales yes, shellfish no. |
| Bar/Bat Mitzvah (jewish) | Bar (girl) Bat (boy) coming of age ceremony at the age of 13. |
| Abraham (all) | Judaism, Christianity, and Islam originate with him. Submitted to Jesus. Made a covenant with God; promised land and blessings that would go to his descendants. Two sons Isaac and Ishmael. First to be circumcised. |
| Isaac | Son of Abraham; known for association with Judaism |
| Nazarenes (christian) | Jews who became Christians after the destruction of the temple. |
| Canon (all) | Literally means a "read straight stick". Later came to mean "authorative texts for a community". Holy text |
| Canonization (all) | The process by which texts comes to be seen as authorative. Progress includes story being told orally, the story being written, and the story being revered. |
| Jesus (christian) | The center of Christianity. He is the Christ and the messiah (the anointed one). He is the son of God, he shares devine nature with God, is the savior. |
| Athanasius (bishop) of Alexandria (christian) | End point of Christians canonization. He writes a letter listing all 27 docs now known as the new test. 300-400 years. |
| Ichthus (christian) | Basic belief of Jesus Christ as God's son, is our savior, he is devine and the messiah. The fish thing. |
| Trinity (christian) | The holy trinity consists of Jesus as the Son, the Father, and the Holy Spirit. |
| Baptism (christian) | Purification in water. Can be in a pool, river, pastor usually asks you to confess your beliefs. Relevance varies with sub section of Christianity. |
| Communion (christian) | Partaking in the consumption of the "body and blood" of Christ. Lords supper, eucharist; in catholic churches priest sits it on tongue no one hold or drop the "body of Christ". Different denominations do it different amounts of times. |
| New Testament (christian) | A collection of 27 Greek documents which early Christians added to the Hebrew Bible in order to convey their understandings of the significance of Jesus. Organized by genre not significance. |
| Gospels (christians) | Gospel accounts of the life of Christ. Matthew, Mark, and Luke all had similar stories. John sees things differently. |
| History (Acts) (christian) | Tells stories about the time Jesus died and went to heaven. Jews teaching gentile. |
| Letters (christian) | Paul; 21 letters written by prophets to church on how to live; individual, no specific order. |
| Apocalypse (chrisitian) | End of the world. Last book in the New Test. |
| Lord's Prayer (christian) | Most important prayer in Christianity, : our father which art in heaven". (Matthew 6:9-13) (Luke 11:2-4) |
| Synoptic Gospels (christian) | The gospels written by Matthew, Mark and Luke. |
| Christmas and Easter (chrisitan) | Birth and resurrection of Jesus. Easter always occurs on the first Sunday after the full moon that occurs on or after the spring equinox. |
| Church (christian) | Local holy place |
| Muslim (islam) | lowercase islam, to submit to the will of God. Beleives that Muhammad is the prophet of God. |
| Islam | Uppercase Islam, religion focused on submission to God. |
| Ishmael (islam) | Son of Abraham; associated with Islam |
| Muhammad (islam) | Born: 570 CE. Prophet of God; messenger of the Qur'an. Said to have received the words of God in 610 in Mecca. Migrated to Medina in 622. Died in 632 CE |
| Al-Fatiha (islam) | The Opening; "in the name of God, the lord of mercy" |
| Sura and Aya (islam) | Beginning "chapters" in the Qur'an. 114 named suras that are divided in ayas. |
| Hijra (islam) | Muhammad's pilgrimage to Medina from Mecca in 622 AD |
| Five Pillars of Islam (islam) | Shahadah Salat; praying five times daily Zakat: giving charity to those in need Sawm: fasting during Ramadan Hajj: pilgrimage to mecca |
| Six Articles of Faith (islam) | Belief in one God (tawhid) Belief in angels belief in holy books belief in the prophets belief in day of judgement belief in God's predestination |
| Shahadah (islam) | Bearing witness that there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet. |
| Wudu/Ablutions (islam) | Cleaning ritual with water to maintain purity during a prayer in Islam. |
| Mecca (islam) | Birth place of Moses, most holy place in Islam. Muhammad lived here from 610-622. |
| Medina (islam) | The city that Muhammad migrated to and lived until his death. Muhammad lived here from 622-632 |
| Hajj (islam) | Making Pilgrimage to Mecca; the fifth pillar of Islam. |
| Kaaba (islam) | Cue shaped building w/ black cloth built by Abraham/ Ishmael in Mecca people began putting idols in it, so Muhammad helped them break the idols. |
| Mosque/Masjid (islam) | Local holy place; "place of prostration" |
| Ramadan (islam) | Most important month to Muslims on Islamic calendar. The month in which the the first verses of God were revealed to Muhammad. All Muslims fast this month. They cannot eat until sunset. |
| Qur'an (islam) | Islam's holy book. Only mentions Muhammad's name four times. Muhammad the messenger, Qur'an the message. Not only the word but the word's of God. Uses personal pronouns to refer to God. In Arabic to maintain its purity. Ordered by long to short passages |
| Hadith (islam) | Chain of Muhammad's sayings and actions; prophets actions. Different form Qur'an. |
| Eid al-fitr (islam) | Holy day. Feast of fast breaking; end of Ramadan |
| Mt Hira/Night of Power (islam) | First revelation of Qur'an on mt. Hira |
| Ummah (islam) | Community of Muslims that come together because of their beliefs in Islam. Formed in 622. |
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