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Chap 3 Vocab
Infection control, first aid,& personal wellness
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Microbe | invades the body, multiplies, and causes injury or disease |
| Pathogens | microbes that are pathogenic causing or capable of causing a disease |
| normal flora | nonpathogenic microbes on our skin & in other areas such as the gastrointestinal tract |
| CDC (Center for Disease Control & Prevention) | is charged with the investigation & control of various diseases, especially those that are communicable & have epidemic potential. |
| Nosocomial infection | is the traditional term applied to patient infections acquired in hospitals |
| Healthcare associated infection (HAI) | is a newer term that applies to infections acquired during healthcare delivery in all healthcare settings, including home care |
| C-diff, MRSA & Enterococcus | 3 of the most common HAI pathogens that are antibiotic resistance |
| C-diff | Clostridium difficile |
| MRSA | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| chain of infection | infection transmission requires the presence of certain components |
| infectious agent | is the pathogenic microbe responsible for causing an infection |
| reservoir | the source of an infectious agent |
| Exit pathway | is a way for an infectious agent to leave a reservoir host |
| means of transmission | is the method an infectious agent uses to travel from a reservoir to a susceptible individual. |
| airborne transmission | involves dispersal of infectious agents that can remain infective for long periods of time in particles that typically less than 5um in diameter and can be inhaled |
| contact transmission | is the most common means of transmitting infection |
| fomites | are inanimate objects that can harbor material containing infectious agents |
| droplet transmission | is the transfer of an infectious agent to the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or conjunctiva of the eyes |
| vector transmission | is the transfer of an infectious agent carried by an insect, arthropod, or animal |
| vehicle transmission | is the transmission of an infectious agent through contaminated food, water or drugs. |
| susceptible host | is someone with a decreased ability to resist infection |
| immune | a healthy person who has received a vaccination against a specific virus or who has recovered from being infected with it has developed antibodies against that virus |
| breaking the chain of infection | involves stopping infections at the source, preventing contact with substances |
| OSHA stand for | occupational safety & health administration |
| OSHA | Mandated confidential medical evaluation, treatment, counseling and follow-up of employees who have been exposed to bloodborne pathogens |
| PPE stands for | personal protective equipment |
| PPE | protective clothing and other items worn by an individual to protect mucous membranes, airways, skin & clothing from contact with infectious substances |
| asepsis | is a condition of being free of contamination or germs that could cause disease. |
| aseptic technique | is a healthcare practice used to reduce the chance of microbial contamination with the goal of protecting patients from infection and preventing the spread of infection |
| isolation procedures | separate patients with certain transmissible infections from contact with other patients & visitors. |
| protective isolation | is used for patients who are highly susceptible to infections |
| neutropenic | having a low neutrophil count |
| standard precautions | must be used in the care of all patients and constitute the number one strategy for prevention of HAI |
| transmission-based precautions | are to be used for patients known or suspected to be infected or colonized with highly transmissible or epedemiologically significant pathogens |
| airborne precautions | must be used in addition to standard precautions for pt's known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei |
| droplet precautions | must be used in addition to standard precautions for patients known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by droplets |
| contact precautions | must be used in addition to standard precautions when a pt is known or suspected to be infected or colonized with epidemiologically important microorganisms that can be transmitted by direct contact. |
| biosafety | is a term used to describe the application of safety precautions taken to ensure the safe handling of biological substances that pose a risk to health |
| biohazard | anything harmful or potentially harmful to health |
| percutaneous | through the skin, exposure to biohazardous microorganisms in blood or body fluid |
| permucosal | through the mucous membranes |
| BBP means | bloodborne pathogen |
| bloodborne pathogen | is applied to any infectious microorganism present in the blood and other body fluids and tissues |
| HBV means | hepatitis B virus |
| Hepatitis means | inflammation of the liver |
| HCV means | hepatitis C virus |
| HCV | is the most widespread chronic bloodborne illness in the US |
| EPA means | environmental protection agency |
| EPA | is a government agency whose mission is to protect people's health and the environment by implementing and enforcing environmental laws |
| HCS means | hazard communication standard |
| HCS | is to protect employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals |
| SDS means | safety data sheet |
| SDS | is for every hazardous chemical, communicates general & precautionary information about the hazard to users |
| class A fire | occurs with ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, papers or clothing. |
| Class B fire | occurs with flammable liquids and vapors, such as paint, oil, grease or gasoline |
| Class C fire | occurs with electrical equipment & requires nonconducting agents to extinguish |
| Class D fire | occurs with combustible or reactive metals, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, & lithium. |
| Class K fire | occurs with high-temperature cooking oils, grease or fats |
| Class A extinguishers | use soda and acid or water |
| Class B extinguishers | use foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide |
| Class C extinguishers | uses dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halon or other nonconducting agents |
| Class ABC extinguisher | uses dry chemicals; can be used on class A, B & C fires |
| Class K extinguisher | uses a potassium-based alkaline liquid specifically formulated to fight high-temperature grease, oil, or fat fires |
| CPR means | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
| BLS means | basic life support |
| AHA means | american heart association |
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