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H.MiddleAges/Reform.
Spring Semester Final Section
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Council that Started the 1st Crusade? | Council of Clermont |
| Who called the Council of Clermont? | Pope Urban II |
| What was the only successfull crusade? | 1st crusade |
| What were the effects of the crusades? | New Products & Increased trade; Knowledge of Muslim culture spread into Europe; Temp. reduced fighting in Europe; Christians more intolerant of other religious ideas; Strained relations between people of different religions; Kings Europe more powerful |
| What were the 4 major challenges of the High Middle Ages? | Religous crisis; Hundred Years War; War of the Roses; Black Death |
| What is Heresy? | Beliefs that opposed the official teachings of the Church. |
| Who brought an end to the Hundred Year's war | Joan of Arc |
| What were the effects of the Black Death? | Population decreased; Anti-Semitism increased; People thought it was God's punishment; More vacant land became available, making nobles more powerful |
| What was Martin Luther's key reformed belief? | Justification of Faith |
| What was Henry VIII's key reformed belief? | National Church run by a monarch |
| What were the polital effects of the Counter-Reformation? | National identity increased around Europe; Political power became separate from churches; Protestant churches began to split; Nations and churches began to align to increase influence in a region |
| What were the Social and Religious effects of the Counter-Reformation? | Catholic confidence was boosted; Protestant churches began to split; religious turmoil increased between christians; |