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digestive review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mouth | receives food into the oral cavity as it is tasted and broken down by the teeth. (mastication) |
| Teeth | hard structures in the mouth that breakdown food by chewing |
| Tongue | muscular organ that contains taste buds. Aids in chewing/swallowing (deglutition). |
| Salivary glands | secrete amylase that aids in chemical breakdown of starchy foods |
| Pharynx (throat) | carries both food, liquid & air. Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx |
| Esophagus | muscular tube that carries the food to the stomach. Relies on peristalsis to move the food. |
| Stomach | receives food from the esophagus. Food usually remains in the stomach for 1-4 hours |
| Small intestine | process of digestion is completed here. 17-20 feet long/ 1 inch in diameter. 3 sections: duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| Colon (Large intestine) | absorbs liquid and remaining indigestible materials which are excreted from the body at the anus. 5 feet long/ 2 inches in diameter. 6 parts: cecum/appendix, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum |
| Rectum | last part of the large intestine that stores waste before it passes out of the body through an opening called the Anus |
| Feces (stool) | indigestible waste expelled through the anus (opening at lower end of the digestive tract). |
| Liver | storage of nutrients, breaks down fats and helps remove wastes from the body, converts glycogen to glucose for energy, makes bile (breaks down fatty foods), Located in RUQ |
| gallbladder | stores and concentrates bile (small sac located inferior to the liver) |
| pancreas | Produces insulin & enzymes for digestion |
| 1st small intestines | duodenum |
| 2nd small intestines | jejunum |
| 3rd small intestines | ileum |
| 1st large intestines | cecum/appendix |
| 2nd large intestines | ascending colon |
| 3rd large intestines | transverse colon |
| 4th large intestines | descending colon |
| 5th large intestines | sigmoid |
| 6th large intestines | rectum |
| 1 | mouth |
| 2 | pharynx |
| 3 | esophagus |
| 4 | stomach |
| 5 | small intestines |
| 6 | large intestines |
| 7 | rectum |
| 8 | anus |
| GERD | (acid reflux) upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus. |
| Pyrosis | (heartburn) burning feeling in chest from GERD |
| Peptic Ulcers | sores in the membrane of the digestive system from overproduction of stomach acid |
| Anorexia Nervosa | self-deprivation of food and normal body weight that is a psychiatric disorder that affects the digestive system. |
| Bulimia Nervosa | eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binging and purging. |
| Obesity | excessive accumulation of fat in the body. Generally more than 30% overweight. |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome) common condition of unknown cause with symptoms of cramping, pain, constipation and /or diarrhea. |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease) general term for disease that cause inflammation of the intestine |
| Crohn’s Disease | inflammation of the lining of digestive tract causing fatigue, diarrhea, weight loss |
| Colitis | inflammation of digestive tract causing pain, bloating, vomiting |
| Hernia | protrusion of an organ/structure through the muscle that usually contains it |
| Dental Caries | tooth decay including cavities |
| Celiac Disease | malabsorption condition with weight loss and diarrhea thought to be caused by an intolerance of gluten |
| Hepatitis | inflammation of the liver caused by viral infection, drugs, alcohol, and/or fatty liver. Can cause jaundice (due to liver damage) |
| Cirrhosis | scarring of the liver often caused by excessive alcohol consumption, drugs, or hepatitis |
| Ascites | abnormal excess fluid in the abdomen |
| Constipation | difficult elimination of hard stool |
| Diarrhea | abnormal watery or loose still |
| Emesis | vomiting |
| Halitosis | bad breath |
| Nausea | urge to vomit |
| Regurgitation | vomiting |
| Dehydration | fluid loss |
| Antiemetic | Drugs that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting. |
| Bariatric Surgery | term that encompasses the surgical treatments available for morbid obesity, including lap bands, gastric bypasses, and other similar procedures to reduce the size of the stomach or digestive tract |
| Diet | A diet specially prescribed to treat a health condition through gradual elimination and/or integration of specific foods. |
| Laxative | Drug that stimulates bowel movements |
| Bariatrics | concerned with the prevention and control of obesity |
| Dentist | specializes in the care of the teeth and oral cavity |
| Dental Hygienist | licensed to clean, x-ray, give fluoride treatments and educate patients about hygiene. |
| Gastroenterologist | specializes in the care of the stomach and intestines. |
| Orthodontist | dental professional who specializes in the alignment of the teeth. |
| Periodontist | dental professional who specializes in the tissues surrounding the teeth. |
| Proctologist | physician who specializes in the colon, rectum and anus. |
| Ingestion | intake of food |
| Digestion | breakdown of food into nutrients |
| Absorption | nutrients enter bloodstream and are delivered to the body |
| Elimination | unused solid waste expelled (fiber, fat, protein & bacteria) |
Created by:
rr3ynolds
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