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History midterm

Question	Answer
In European class structures, which group made up the lower tiers of society?.	Peasants
Confucius taught that the natural order was called the Way or the	dao
The network of trade from southern Europe to China was known as the	caste system
In China, a king’s destiny to rule his people was described as the	mandate of heaven
Why did Swahili develop as a language	Through the mixing of bantu and Arabic influences along the east African coast.
An important West African center of education was	timbuktu
A key political and religious center in southern Africa was	great zimbabwe
What South American empire was conquered by Francisco Pizzaro	inca empire
What Middle American empire was conquered by Hernan Cortes	aztec empire
How did the Bubonic Plague spread to Europe?	Fleas on rats on ships that travelled Through the Silk Road.
What seafaring group of people made raids and established settlements throughout North and Western Europe in the 900s	vikings
What nomadic groups conquered and settled in present day Hungary in the 800s-900s	magyars
How did serfs fit into the manorial system of Europe	they were tied to the land and worked on the lords estate which is the manor
Attempts by Spanish Christians to reconquer the country were called the	reconquista
Why did the Crusades start	Due to religious, economic and political powers with the Christians against the Muslims
What was vernacular literature	written things in regular language that everyone can understand
What female leader led the French army against England during the Hundred Years War	Joan of arc
The period of “rebirth” in European History is known as the	renaissance
The Italian Renaissance began when merchants hired talented individuals in the	patronage system
believed that humans could achieve great things through their “virtues”.	Humanists
was one of the first philosophers to popularize the theories of Humanism	Francesco Petrarch
Niccolò Machiavelli’s essay......would heavily influence modern political ideas	The prince
was the Humanist author of the book, Utopia	Thomas More
The former monk, credited with starting the Protestant Reformation is	Martin Luther
Reformer John Calvin spread the idea of ......... through his teachings	Predestination
French Protestants were known as the	Huguenots
The publication of this trader’s journal increased European interest in goods from Asia:	Marco Polo
was the Chinese admiral who made contact as far west as Egypt.	Zeng He
Spanish ..... such as Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizzaro conquered vast American empires	conquistadors
Spain funded the four voyages of ..... to what is now known to be the Americas in 1492	Christopher Columbus
In the Treaty of Tordesillas, the Pope divided the world between	The Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire
Spain’s ...... system of creating plantations in the Caribbean was similar to the older manorial system of Europe	Encomienda
The Spanish priest who wrote in protest of the treatment of the Native Americans under the Encomienda system was	Bartolome de Las Casas
was the major Portuguese colony in South America	Brazil
The Ottoman Empire rose to prominence under the rule of	Suleiman 1 or the Magnificent
Shah Abbas led the ...... empire to greater power	Safavid dynast
The remains of the Mongol empire that grew southward into India was known as the	Mughal
was the Mughal ruler who granted religious freedom to Hindus and Persians	Akhbar the Great
British trading posts that became centers of power in India were called	factory forts
In ...... societies, men assumed most authority	patriarchal
The ......... was a period in the 17th century in which the climate in Europe became wetter and colder	little ice age
A ....... economy is a vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit	moral
The decades-long struggle in the Holy Roman Empire between Protestants and Catholics was the	thirty years war
was the practice in which monarchs claimed exclusive power to make and enforce laws	Absolutism
The ..... was the European belief that God established kings as rulers on Earth	divine right of kings
is a collection of governmental policies for the regulation of economic activities by and for the state	mercantilism
The French palace at ........ embodied the elaborate lifestyle of most of Europe’s absolute monarchs	versailles
Life, Liberty, and Property, were the “natural rights” described by	John Locke
Under ...... power rests in the hands of the people exercised through elected representatives	republicanism
Under Ivan IV, many Russian serfs fled their lands to join free warrior groups known as	Cossacks
Ivan IV was known as Ivan the	terrible
Ivan IV was the first to take the title .... meaning caesar	Tsar
The idea that the universe revolved around the sun was called the	heliocentric
formulated the law of inertia and demonstrated that the telescope could be used effectively in astronomy	Galileo Galilei
The laws of gravity were explained by	Isaac Newton
was the period of political, intellectual, and religious developments following the Scientific Revolution	the Enlightenment
The group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to the world were known as	philosophes
believed that ideal governments should be separated into three branches, the executive, legislative, and judicial	Montesquieu
In Candide ...... states that each citizen should “tend his own garden"	voltaire
In ....... Rousseau explained that a functional government is dependent on the general will of the people governed	the social contrast
In Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith explained that ......was the driving force in an economic system	competition
In the Americas, Enlightenment ideas became popular among the ...... people of European ancestry who were born in the Western Hemisphere	Creoles
Several West African societies grew wealthy off the trade of ...... slavery	chattel
Senegambian societies evolved ....... systems, in which teenagers were initiated into adulthood at the same time	age- grade
In Benin, the ...... or king, was exalted for bringing peace and stability to the state	oba
The Tuareg of Northern Africa controlled the .... trade across the Sahara	salt
The oldest Christian kingdom in Africa was in	Ethiopia
The ...... were groups of people living along the East African coast who developed their own trade language	Swahili
The .... Colony was founded in Southern Africa by the Dutch East India Company	Cape
The journey of African slaves across the Atlantic Ocean is known as the	middle passage
A slave narrative written by ..... detailed the Middle Passage	Olaudah Equiano
European traders became so wealthy from their West African trade that their colonies were referred to as the	gold coast
The warriors of medieval Japan were known as the	samurai
The lord-generals of the Japanese warriors were known as	shoguns
The Chinese dynasty that began construction of the “Great Wall” to defend against Mongol invaders was the	Qin Dynasty
Ming governments recruited officials through its .... examination	civil service
The Chinese dynasty founded by the Manchus was the	qing dynasty
His account of Native American labor in the Caribbean caused an outrage in Europe that led to the origins of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade	Bartolome de las Casas
The Arab navigator who guided Portuguese expeditions in the Indian Ocean was	Ibn Majjid/ Ahmad bin Majid
The collapse of the Holy Roman Empire sparked the conflict known as	thirty years war
An influential leader in the Catholic Reformation was	Theresa of Avila

Created by: yara.a

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