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History midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In European class structures, which group made up the lower tiers of society?. | Peasants |
| Confucius taught that the natural order was called the Way or the | dao |
| The network of trade from southern Europe to China was known as the | caste system |
| In China, a king’s destiny to rule his people was described as the | mandate of heaven |
| Why did Swahili develop as a language | Through the mixing of bantu and Arabic influences along the east African coast. |
| An important West African center of education was | timbuktu |
| A key political and religious center in southern Africa was | great zimbabwe |
| What South American empire was conquered by Francisco Pizzaro | inca empire |
| What Middle American empire was conquered by Hernan Cortes | aztec empire |
| How did the Bubonic Plague spread to Europe? | Fleas on rats on ships that travelled Through the Silk Road. |
| What seafaring group of people made raids and established settlements throughout North and Western Europe in the 900s | vikings |
| What nomadic groups conquered and settled in present day Hungary in the 800s-900s | magyars |
| How did serfs fit into the manorial system of Europe | they were tied to the land and worked on the lords estate which is the manor |
| Attempts by Spanish Christians to reconquer the country were called the | reconquista |
| Why did the Crusades start | Due to religious, economic and political powers with the Christians against the Muslims |
| What was vernacular literature | written things in regular language that everyone can understand |
| What female leader led the French army against England during the Hundred Years War | Joan of arc |
| The period of “rebirth” in European History is known as the | renaissance |
| The Italian Renaissance began when merchants hired talented individuals in the | patronage system |
| believed that humans could achieve great things through their “virtues”. | Humanists |
| was one of the first philosophers to popularize the theories of Humanism | Francesco Petrarch |
| Niccolò Machiavelli’s essay......would heavily influence modern political ideas | The prince |
| was the Humanist author of the book, Utopia | Thomas More |
| The former monk, credited with starting the Protestant Reformation is | Martin Luther |
| Reformer John Calvin spread the idea of ......... through his teachings | Predestination |
| French Protestants were known as the | Huguenots |
| The publication of this trader’s journal increased European interest in goods from Asia: | Marco Polo |
| was the Chinese admiral who made contact as far west as Egypt. | Zeng He |
| Spanish ..... such as Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizzaro conquered vast American empires | conquistadors |
| Spain funded the four voyages of ..... to what is now known to be the Americas in 1492 | Christopher Columbus |
| In the Treaty of Tordesillas, the Pope divided the world between | The Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire |
| Spain’s ...... system of creating plantations in the Caribbean was similar to the older manorial system of Europe | Encomienda |
| The Spanish priest who wrote in protest of the treatment of the Native Americans under the Encomienda system was | Bartolome de Las Casas |
| was the major Portuguese colony in South America | Brazil |
| The Ottoman Empire rose to prominence under the rule of | Suleiman 1 or the Magnificent |
| Shah Abbas led the ...... empire to greater power | Safavid dynast |
| The remains of the Mongol empire that grew southward into India was known as the | Mughal |
| was the Mughal ruler who granted religious freedom to Hindus and Persians | Akhbar the Great |
| British trading posts that became centers of power in India were called | factory forts |
| In ...... societies, men assumed most authority | patriarchal |
| The ......... was a period in the 17th century in which the climate in Europe became wetter and colder | little ice age |
| A ....... economy is a vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit | moral |
| The decades-long struggle in the Holy Roman Empire between Protestants and Catholics was the | thirty years war |
| was the practice in which monarchs claimed exclusive power to make and enforce laws | Absolutism |
| The ..... was the European belief that God established kings as rulers on Earth | divine right of kings |
| is a collection of governmental policies for the regulation of economic activities by and for the state | mercantilism |
| The French palace at ........ embodied the elaborate lifestyle of most of Europe’s absolute monarchs | versailles |
| Life, Liberty, and Property, were the “natural rights” described by | John Locke |
| Under ...... power rests in the hands of the people exercised through elected representatives | republicanism |
| Under Ivan IV, many Russian serfs fled their lands to join free warrior groups known as | Cossacks |
| Ivan IV was known as Ivan the | terrible |
| Ivan IV was the first to take the title .... meaning caesar | Tsar |
| The idea that the universe revolved around the sun was called the | heliocentric |
| formulated the law of inertia and demonstrated that the telescope could be used effectively in astronomy | Galileo Galilei |
| The laws of gravity were explained by | Isaac Newton |
| was the period of political, intellectual, and religious developments following the Scientific Revolution | the Enlightenment |
| The group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to the world were known as | philosophes |
| believed that ideal governments should be separated into three branches, the executive, legislative, and judicial | Montesquieu |
| In Candide ...... states that each citizen should “tend his own garden" | voltaire |
| In ....... Rousseau explained that a functional government is dependent on the general will of the people governed | the social contrast |
| In Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith explained that ......was the driving force in an economic system | competition |
| In the Americas, Enlightenment ideas became popular among the ...... people of European ancestry who were born in the Western Hemisphere | Creoles |
| Several West African societies grew wealthy off the trade of ...... slavery | chattel |
| Senegambian societies evolved ....... systems, in which teenagers were initiated into adulthood at the same time | age- grade |
| In Benin, the ...... or king, was exalted for bringing peace and stability to the state | oba |
| The Tuareg of Northern Africa controlled the .... trade across the Sahara | salt |
| The oldest Christian kingdom in Africa was in | Ethiopia |
| The ...... were groups of people living along the East African coast who developed their own trade language | Swahili |
| The .... Colony was founded in Southern Africa by the Dutch East India Company | Cape |
| The journey of African slaves across the Atlantic Ocean is known as the | middle passage |
| A slave narrative written by ..... detailed the Middle Passage | Olaudah Equiano |
| European traders became so wealthy from their West African trade that their colonies were referred to as the | gold coast |
| The warriors of medieval Japan were known as the | samurai |
| The lord-generals of the Japanese warriors were known as | shoguns |
| The Chinese dynasty that began construction of the “Great Wall” to defend against Mongol invaders was the | Qin Dynasty |
| Ming governments recruited officials through its .... examination | civil service |
| The Chinese dynasty founded by the Manchus was the | qing dynasty |
| His account of Native American labor in the Caribbean caused an outrage in Europe that led to the origins of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade | Bartolome de las Casas |
| The Arab navigator who guided Portuguese expeditions in the Indian Ocean was | Ibn Majjid/ Ahmad bin Majid |
| The collapse of the Holy Roman Empire sparked the conflict known as | thirty years war |
| An influential leader in the Catholic Reformation was | Theresa of Avila |
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