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Sociology_Final
Sociology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| social institution | organized patterns of beliefs and behaviors centered on basic social needs [family, religion, education, politics, economy] |
| family | a social institution that unites people in cooperative groups for purposes of reproduction and mutual care |
| kinship | social bond based on blood, marriage, and/or adoption |
| nuclear family | parents and children living together sharing house |
| extended family | more than nuclear family living in the same house |
| serial monogamy | multiple spouses- one at a time |
| polygamy | the uniting of 3 or more people by marriage |
| patrilineal descent | tracing kinship through father’s relatives |
| matrilineal descent | tracing kinship through mother’s relatives |
| bilateral descent | tracing kinship through both the father and the mother |
| patriarchy | men dominate decision making |
| matriarchy | women dominate family decision making |
| egalitarian family | men and women equally share family decision making |
| endogamy | practice of marrying within one’s social category or group |
| exogamy | practice of marrying outside of one’s social category or group |
| religion | a social institution that provides a general explanation of existence, including the terms of exchange |
| religious belief | statements to which members of a particular religion adhere |
| religious ritual | religious ritual-practices required or expected of members of a faith [songs, prayers, offerings, sacrifices] |
| religious experience | feeling of perception of being in contact with the supernatural [senses of peace, speaking in tongues, convulsions] |
| education | social institution responsible for the systematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure [public, private, home] |
| tracking | practice of assigning students to different types of educational programs |
| hidden curriculum | subtle socialization of pupils into dominant ideology of society |
| teacher-expectancy effect | a teacher’s expectations influence the actual achievements of the student |
| politics | social institution through which power is acquired and exercised |
| monarchy | single family rules from generation to generation |
| authoritarianism | system that denies popular participation in government |
| totalitarianism | highly centralized system with extensive regulation of people’s lives |
| democracy | power given to people as a whole |
| economy | social institution through which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed |
| capitalism | private ownership of property, pursuit of personal profit, competition and consumer choice |
| socialism | collective property ownership, pursuit of collective goals, gov controls the economy |
| power | ability to exercise one’s will over others |
| force | actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one’s will on others |
| influence | exercise of power through a process of persuasion |
| authority | institutionalized power perceived as legitimate by the people |
| traditional authority | legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice |
| charismatic authority | power made legitimate by people’s belief in the exceptional personal qualities of a leader |
| rational | legal authority-power made legitimate by law |
| pluralist model | power in political systems is widely dispersed throughout many competing interest groups |
| elite model | power in political systems is concentrated in the hands of a small group of elites in the masses and the relatively powerless |
| power elite | small ruling elite of military, business, and government leaders who control the fate of the US |
| social change | transformation of culture and social institutions over time [sources- technology, demographic shifts, ideas] |
| political socialization | process by which individuals learn political attitudes, values, and behavior |
| crowd behavior | people in the same place behaving in a similar way but without organized direction [mobs, riots, panics] |
| mass behavior | collective behavior among people spread out over a wide geographic area |
| social movement | an organized group that acts consciously to promote or resist change through collective action [features of a social movement-goals, strategic tactics, longevity] |
| stages of a social movement | emergence, coalescence, institutionalization, decline |
| relative deprivation theory | social movement arise among people who feel deprived of something [people may feel they have a right to their goals, the disadvantaged group must perceive that it cannot attain its goals through conventional means] |
| resource mobilization theory | to succeed, social movements must mobilize key resources [members, leadership, money, legitimacy] |
| new social movement theory | Social movements in post modern society are motivated less by economic concerns than by concerns regarding values/ideology, identity, and quality-of-life issues |
Created by:
baylorbear
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