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Common UA Tests
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PHYSICAL EVALUATION | Color; Clarity; Specific Gravity |
| CHEMICAL EVALUATION | Blood; Bilirubin; Glucose; Ketones; Leukocyte esterase; pH; Protein; Nitrite; Urobilinogen |
| Color | Abnormal colors that re clinically significant result from blood melanin, bilirubin, or urobilin in the sample |
| Clarity | Turbidity may be the result of chyle, fat, bacteria, RBCs, WBCs, or precipitated crystals |
| Specific Gravity | Variation in this indicator of dissolved solids in the urine is normal; inconsistencies suggest renal tubule involvement or ADH deficiency |
| Blood | Hematuria ma be the result of hemorrhage, infection, or trauma |
| Bilirubin | Aids in differentiating obstructive jaundice from hemolytic jaundice, which will not cause increased bilirubin in the urine |
| Glucose | Glucosuria could be the result of diabetes mellitus, renal impairment, or ingestion of a large amount of carbohydrates |
| Ketones | Occurs in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and starvation |
| Leukocyte esterase | Certain white cells (neutrophils) in abundance indicate urinary tract infection |
| pH | Variations in pH indicate changes in acid - base balance, which is normal; loss of ability to vary pH is indicative of tissue breakdown |
| Protein | Proteinuria is an indicator of renal disorder, such as injury and renal tube dysfunction |
| Nitrite | Positive result suggests bacterial infection but is only significant on first-morning specimen or urine incubated in bladder for at least 4 hours |
| Urobilinogen | Occurs in increased amounts when patient has hepatic problems or hemolytic disorders |
| Microscopic Evaluation | Analysis of urinary sedimnet reveals status of the urinary tract, hematuria pyuria, and presence of casts and tissue cells are pathologic indicators |