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Global Studies
Jan 2024 Midterm
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Axis Forces | The Axis forces were Germany, Italy, Japan. |
| Allied Forces | These powers were run by Great Britain. The countries that were in this force were The US, and the Soviet Union. |
| No-agression Pact | This was when Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin signed a ten year non aggression pact with Hitler. The whole point of the non aggression pact was that neither country was ready to fight each other yet. Therefore creating the non aggression pact because in ten |
| Invaion of Poland | After signing the non aggression pact with Stalin Hitler turned his sights to conquering Poland. He surprised attacked Poland on September 1, 1939. German tanks and troop trucks across the Polish border. At the same time, German aircraft and artillery beg |
| Blitzrieg | The main principle of Blitzkrieg is to win without fighting. I believe that it was so successful because it allowed Hitler to win battles with speed. Communication is key and it's helpful because they just call in something they may need. |
| the Phony War | After they declared war on Germany, the French and British had mobilized their armies. They stationed their troops along the Maginot Line, a system of fortifications along France's border with Germany. They waited for the Germans to attack but nothing eve |
| Maiginot Line | This was an array of defenses that France built on its border with Germany. It was designed to prevent an invasion. |
| Siegfried line | This was a German defensive system stretching 390 miles along the western border on the old German empire. |
| Invasion of France | In May 1940 Hitler began a dramatic sweep through the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. This was part of a strategy to strike at France. Keeping the Allies attention on those countries, Hitler then sent an even larger force of tanks and troops to slic |
| Dunkirk | This was an English channel. In one of the most heroic acts of War Great Britain set out to rescue the army.Under heavy fire from German bombers the British sailed back and forth from Britain and Dunkirk. |
| Charles de Gaulle | He was a French General who set up a government in exile in London. He committed all energy to reconquer France. Over a radio broadcast he called the French citizens to join them in resisting the Germans. |
| Battle of Britain | This was when Hitler constantly targeted large cities in London and bombed them. This Battle of Britain continued until May 10, 1942. Stunned by the B\ritish resistance, Hitler decided to call off his attacks instead he focused on the Mediterranean and Ea |
| Winston Churchill | Winston Churchill was possibly the most powerful weapon the British had against Hitler. He was the new British prime minister. He used his voice to rally citizens and defeat Germany. |
| Royal Air Force (RAF) | These were the British defenders of the sky. One of their greatest tests was the Battle of Britain. |
| North Africa Campaign | The Germans under the lead of General Erwin Romell had advanced into the Egyptian village Elalaily; they were dug in so deep they could not be surrounded. General Bernard Montgumry who was leading the British forces decided to lead a full front attack on |
| General Irwin Rommel | General Irwin Romel was a British general who during World War ll. He was mainly known for his leadership of Germany's Afrika Korps in North Africa during WWll. |
| Africa Corps | This was a German expeditionary force in Africa. During World War ll in North Africa. |
| Operation Barbarossa | This was the invasion of the Soviet Union. It was launched by Hitler on June 22 1941. It was the beginning of a campaign that would in the end decide World War ll. |
| Battle of Leningrad | On September 8th 1941 German forces closed in around the Soviet city Leningrad. Starting a battle that would last nearly 9000 days and claim the lives of 800,000 civilians. |
| American Neutrality (reasons for) | The United States remained neutral during the first two years of World War II. As the Axis forces conquered countries throughout Europe and Asia, Americans debated whether to aid the Allied powers economically and militarily. The United States joined the |
| Lend-Lease Act | This was created to serve America's interest in defeating Nazi Germany without entering the war until the American military and public were ready to fight. |
| Atlantic Charter | This was created by Roosevelt and Churchill; they met secretly and issued a joint declaration called the Atlantic Charter. It helps free trade among nations and the right of people to choose their own government. |
| Isoroku Yamamoto | The commander and chief of the combined fleet in World War ll. He was known for his recognition of the effectiveness of carrier based aircraft in long range naval attacks. |
| Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor | This was a Japanese carrier-based aircraft launching a surprise attack on the U.S Naval base. Six battleships damaged, many smaller vessels sunk or damaged, hundreds of planes destroyed. 2,335 service men and women killed.The U.S declared war on Japan. Th |
| Bataan Death March | This began on April 10, 1942 when the Japanese assembled about 78,000 prisoners. They started to march up the east coast of Bataan. They did not know it at the time but their destination was Camp O’Donnell. |
| Doolittle’s Raid on Tokyo | This was a US air raid during World War ll. This event targeted major cities in Japan like tokyo. They would drop bombs on the cities in broad daylight at first because it was easier to see. But dropping the bombs in the broad daylight was very dangerous |
| Battle of Midway | This was the turning point in the war. It Took place a few hundred miles off the coast of Midway island. Again, naval ships never come into view with one another. The American had broken the Japanese code. American warplanes catch the Japanese carriers un |
| Douglas MacArthur | Douglas MacAthur was a general who retired from the US Army in 1937 and was appointed to the rank of Field Marshal in the Philippines Army. He was known for his commandment of the allied forces in the Asia Pacific. |
| “Island Hopping” Campaign | General McAurthur created this strategy that the U.S would “hop over '' more strongly defended Japanese islands, isolate them from resupply, reinforcement and “hop” closer and closer to Japan. The U.S would establish airbases on these islands that would e |
| Battle of Guadalcanal | Marines land on the island and at first meet little resistance. Capture the airbase on the island. This was the first land defeat for the Japanese. The U.S would continue to push the Japanese back toward Japan from this time forward. 1,600 US soldiers wer |
| Battle of El Alamein | This battle was when the Axis army of Italy and Germany suffered a decisive defeat by the British eighth army. |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | Eisenhower was appointed the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force during World War II. As leader of all Allied troops in Europe, he led "Operation Overlord" the amphibious invasion of Normandy across the English Channel. |
| Battle for Stalingrad | The Battle Began August 23, 1942.By November the Germans had over 90% of control over Stalingrad. They had a lot of defeats which caused Trouble. They started to advance but stalled at Leningrad. They went to seize the oil fields and the Caucasus Mountain |
| Invasion of Italy | Allied forces despite what Stalin had urged them to do invaded Italy. Mussolini was freed from prison then assassinated.At first allied forces landed in Sicily and captured it from Germany and Italy.From Scicily the allies landed in southern Italy and pus |
| Propaganda | This is based on misleading nature or publicized by a particular political cause. |
| D-Day Invasion | This was a massive attack that landed at Normandy on June 6 1944.More than 4 million troops attacked during the month of D-Day. It was a water based attack.The allies set up a “dummy” army and communications, making the Germans think the attack would be l |
| Battle of the Bulge | On December 16 the Germans broke through America's weak defenses along 75 mile fonts in the ardines. Although caught off guard the Americans were able to push the Germans back. The goal was split and British forces broke up the Allied supplies. |
| V-E Day | This was known as victory day in Europe. This was the day that the Germans surrendered their military forces to the Allies including the US. Celebrations erupted around the world to mark the end of WWll in Europe. |
| Kamikaze | This was a suicide bombing tactic used by Japan during World War ll. This was when the pilot would deliberately crash a plane full of explosives into enemy warfare. |
| Iwo Jima | U.S soldiers met fierce resistance on land and Kamikaze attacks off-shore. The US needed airfields on the island.The final two Japanese soldiers did not surrender until 1951. This was a Costly victory for the US. 7,000 US soldiers dead, 20,000 Japanese de |
| Okinawa | 1,900 “Kamikaze” attacks off-shore against U.S shipping. Fierce Japanese defenses opened up on US forces as they moved up the island. It took 2 ½ months to pacify the island. Some Japanese surrendered (as opposed to fighting to the death) a sign that they |
| Manhattan Project | The Manhattan Project was an unprecedented, top-secret World War II government program in which the United States rushed to develop and deploy the world's first atomic weapons before Nazi Germany. |
| Hiroshima & Nagasaki | Atomic bomb nicknamed “Little Boy” dropped on Hiroshima August 6th 1945. Both cities had been “untouched” by war. The bomb “Little Boy” dropped on August 9th. Atomic bomb nicknamed “Fat Man”dropped on Nagasaki on August 9th. |
| V-J Day | This was the day that marks the end of World War ll. When President Harry S. Truman announced on Aug. 14, 1945, that Japan had surrendered unconditionally, war-weary citizens around the world erupted in celebration. |
| Total Destruction of WWII:Physical Destruction | Massive cities were destroyed like Tokyo. Many cities were unable to recover but many were. Cities would get completely wiped out by bombs and had to be completely reconstructed and rebuilt. |
| Total Destruction of WWII:Government & Politics | Many governments just crumbled and fell apart under the pressure of the war. |
| Total Destruction of WWII:Human destruction | The numbers for humans killed in WWll range between 50-85 million. |
| Nuremberg Trials | The objectives of the Nuremberg Trials were to deal with the issue of War crimes mostly with the Nazis. They were put up for trial and 22 Nazi Leaders were waging war aggression. They were also charged with killing 11 million people. |
| Demilitarization | The demilitarization of Japan was to ensure the peace would prevail. General MacArthur started the process of disbanding the Japanese armed forces. |
| Democratization | This is the action of making a certain thing accessible to everyone. |
| Occupation | The effective control of a foreign territory by hostile armed forces. |
| Changes to Japanese Society | A long Japanese tradition had viewed the emperor as divine. Now the emperor had to declare he was not divine. The emperor's power was dramatically reduced. The emperor became largely a figurehead, a symbol of Japan. |
Created by:
Scoutiegirl
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