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Chabner12-ch17vocab

Chabner, Language of Medicine, Chapter 17 Vocabulary

TermDefinition
accommodation Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near.
acoustic neuroma Benign tumour arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (8th cranial nerve) in the brain.
amblyopia Partial loss of vision from "lazy eye"
anisocoria Inequality in size of pupils
astigmatism Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye.
audiometer Instrument to measure or test hearing.
audiometry Testing the sense of hearing.
auditory canal [auditory meatus] -- Channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum.
auditory meatus [auditory canal] -- Channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum.
auditory nerve fibers Carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex)
auditory tube [eustachian tube] -- Channel between middle ear and the nasopharynx
Aural Pertaining to the ear.
auricle [pinna] -- The protruding part (flap) of the external ear.
blepharitis Inflammation of eyelid, causing redness, crusting, and swelling along lid margins.
blepharoptosis [ptosis] -- Sagging or drooping eyelid.
cataract Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision.
cerumen [earwax] -- Waxy substance secreted by the external ear.
chalazion Small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid.
cholesteatoma Collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sace within the middle ear.
cochlea Snail shell-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear. Contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells.
cochlear implant procedure Surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech.
Cone Photoreceptor cell in the retina responsible for colour and central vision.
conjunctiva Membrane lining the inner surfaces of the eyelid and anterior portion of the eyeball.
conjunctivitis Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Cornea Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
dacryocystitis Blockage, inflammation, and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in the region between the nose and the lower lid.
deafness Loss of ability to hear.
diabetic retinopathy Disease of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus.
diplopia Double vision.
ear thermometry Measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum.
ectropion Outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration.
endolymph Fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear
entropion Inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye. Corneal abrasion may result.
enucleation Removal of the entire eyeball.
Equilibrium sense of balance.
esotropia [cross-eyed] -- Strabismus where one eye turns inward.
eustachian tube [auditory tube] -- Channel between middle ear and the nasopharynx
exotropia [wall-eye] -- Strabismus where one eye turns outward.
Fenestration (of optic nerve) surgical procedure performed to decompress optic nerve.
fluorescein angiography Intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serious photographs of the retina through dilated pupils.
glaucoma Increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision.
hordeolum [stye] -- Small, superficial white nodule along lid margin due to infection of a sebaceous gland.
Hyperaucusis Excessive sensitivity to sound.
hypermetropia Farsightedness (eyeball too short or lens too weak. Focus is behind retina)
hyperopia Farsightedness (eyeball too short or lens too weak. Focus is behind retina)
hypertropia Strabismus where one eye turns upward.
hypotropia Strabismus where one eye turns downward.
incus [anvil] -- Second ossicle (small bone) of the middle ear.
Iris Pigmented (coloured) layer of the eye.
keratoplasty Surgical repair of the cornea.
labyrinth Maze-like series of canals in the inner ear. Includes cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals.
Lacrimal Pertaining to tears.
laser photocoagulation Intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels.
LASIK [LASer In situ Keratomileusis] -- Use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism)
Macula Small oval region on the retina near the optic disc. Contains fovea centralis, area of clearest vision.
macular degeneration Progressive damage to the macula of the retina.
malleus [hammer] -- First ossicle (small bone) of the inner ear.
Meniere disease Disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear. Elevated endolymph pressure within cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicurcular canals (vestibular hydrops)
myopia Nearsightedness (eyeball too long or lens too strong. Focus is in front of retina)
Myringotomy Incision of the eardrum.
nystagmus Repetitive rythmic movements of one or both eyes.
Oculectomy [enucleation of the eye] -- Remove of the eye that leaves eye muscles and orbital contents intact.
ophthalmoscopy Visual examination of the interior of the eye
Optic chiasm Point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain.
optical coherence tomography [OCT] -- Non-invasive imaging technique using light waves to take
organ of Corti Sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear.
ossicle Small bone of the ear. Includes malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup)
Ossicles Small bones in the middle section of the ear. Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)
Ossiculoplasty Surgical repair of an ossicle of the middle ear.
otitis media Inflammation of the middle ear.
otosclerosis Hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear.
otoscopy Visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope.
oval window Membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear.
perilymph Fluid surrounding in the endolymph of the inner ear.
phacoemulsification Cataract removal surgery in which ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens. The pieces are then aspirated through an ultrasonic probe.
pinna [auricle] -- The protruding part (flap) of the external ear.
presbyopia Impairment of vision as a result of old age.
Refraction the bending of light rays as they pass through one object to another
retinal detachment Two layerse of the retina separate from each other.
Rod Photoreceptor cell in the retina responsible for vision in low light and peripheral vision.
scleral buckle Suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina.
semicircular canals Passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium.
slit lamp microscopy Examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification.
stapes [stirrup] -- Third ossicle of the middle ear.
Staples [stirrup] -- Third ossicle of the middle ear.
strabismus Abnormal deviation of the eye.
tinnitus Sensation of noises in the ears without an external source.
tuning fork test Test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork)
tympanic membrane [eardrum] -- Membrane between the outer and middle ear.
Tympanoplasty Surgical repair of the eardrum.
vertigo Sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects.
vestibule Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea. Contains saccule and utricle that help maintain balance.
visual acuity test Clarity of vision is assessed.
visual field test Measurement of entire scope of vision (peripheral and central).
vitrectomy Removal of the vitreous humor.
Created by: anotherstudent
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