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History Final study
study for the World History final (freshman year)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In what geographical location did most early civilizations form? | Mesopotamia |
| What influenced the settlement and beginning of civilizations? | Fertile land, many river systems for irrigation |
| What commonalities can be found in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism? | All belief in a divine being, plus they are monotheistic |
| What is cultural diffusion? | The spread of one culture to another |
| How did codifying laws meet the needs of ancient societies? | Codifying laws brought more order and peace to societies. |
| What are 3 major achievements of ancient civilizations? | Invented laws, formed languages and writing, created work systems |
| What is a Monarchy? | A form of government where a single individual holds supreme power, usually inherited through a royal bloodline |
| What is a Theocracy? | A form of government where religious leaders hold the highest authority and rule in the name of a deity |
| What is an Oligarchy? | A form of government where a small group of individuals, often from the elite class, hold power and make decisions |
| What is a Democracy? | A form of government where the power is vested in the people, who exercise it directly or through elected representatives |
| What is one reason for the fall of the Roman Empire? | Foreign invasions from various barbarian tribes |
| What type of government did Athens (Ancient Greece) have? | Democracy |
| What is feudalism? | A system of landholding and governing; it was based on an exchange of protection for other services. |
| Why did medieval societies use the feudal system? | It gave the head of the feudal system power that was easy to maintain. |
| How did innovations in agriculture, trade, and business impact the feudal system? | Innovations resulted in the shying away from the feudal system because there were new opportunities to make money. |
| What was the Great Schism? | The division of the Roman Catholic Church into two: Roman Catholic in the West and Eastern Orthodox Church (in the east) |
| What was the significance of the Magna Carta? | The Magna Carta was written to make sure the King followed the same laws as his Nobility |
| What was the Renaissance? | The rebirth and many large advancements in art and literature; it brought secular ideas |
| What was the Protestant Reformation? | The reform from the religious control of powerful churches; people recognize there is no reason not to live a happy mortal life. |
| What effects did the reformation have on religion? | Religion was no longer tethered with the government, and people had more freedom to have a personal relationship with their religion. |
| Why did European explorers, such as Columbus, first begin to explore overseas? | Gold, God, and Glory |
| What was the Triangular trade? | Trade between Europe, the New World (America), and Africa. There would be an exchange of transported products such as crops, firearms, and people. |
| What did John Locke believe? | Everybody has natural rights that they are born with, and people should overthrow a government that doesn’t protect those rights. |
| What did Thomas Hobbes believe? | All people are born selfish, and a strong government should have control over the people. |
| What did Mary Wollstonecraft believe? | All people, including women, should have equal rights. |
| What did Adam Smith believe in? | government noninvolvement in the economy would result in overall benefit |
| Why did Enlightenment thinkers face censorship? | Those in power wanted to stay in power, and thus, they would censor enlightenment thinkers to keep others from wanting to pursue their own beliefs. |
| What is the meaning of the phrase "No taxation without representation"? | A nation shouldn’t be taxed for something they can’t control. |
| What was the Declaration of Independence and why was it written? | The Declaration of Independence was a document written by the American colonists to “break away” from the British government. |
| Which Enlightenment ideas became part of the American Constitution? | Protected rights and separation of powers |
| When do people typically revolt? | When the government’s control is out of hand, and when the people’s rights are openly violated or suppressed. |
| What was one cause of the French revolution? | Heavy taxes on the 3rd estate |
| What was the Reign of Terror? | A violent and chaotic period during the French Revolution. There were countless executions of those accused of being against the revolution. |
| How did the policies of Napoleon Bonaparte change France? | France became a more stabilized country, having a more central government while Napoleon gained territory for France. France also experienced a spike in nationalism. |
| How did the French Revolution end? | Napoleon took over the old French government with his coup d’etat |
| Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? | Great Britain had an excessive amount of natural resources (coal and iron) that were needed for the new technologies. |
| What advantages do countries have that have been industrialized? | More jobs available, plus more transportation and infrastructure. |
| What is imperialism and what motivated imperialists? | Imperialism is the overpowering of a smaller nation by force. Imperialists were often motivated by gaining territory and access to new raw materials. |
| What do people who support laissez-faire believe? | The government should not be involved in the economy. “Hands-off government” |
| What is Social Darwinism? | The idea that some people are better off than others in a society. |
| What is trench warfare and why did it result in a stalemate? | Trench warfare is the battle strategy of fighting in trenches separated by “No Man’s Land.” This resulted in a stalemate because there were no advancements against each other, and people were repeatedly traded out to keep fighting. |
| What event sparked the start of WWI? | The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austra-Hungary). |
| What are two reasons that the U.S. entered WWI? | Germany's unrestricted warfare and the Zimmerman Telegram |
| What was the treaty that ended WWI? What was its main purpose? | The Treaty of Versailles was the treaty that ended WWI. Its purpose was to sort out reparations and discuss who was responsible for the whole of WWI |
| How did the Great Depression in the U.S. affect the rest of the world? | The U.S. was very prevalent in many other country’s trades, so the Great Depression almost halted trade completely, making it hard to make and sell goods. |
| How did Nazi Germany violate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? | Germany invaded surrounding countries and built up their military in secret. |
| What is appeasement? Explain how it was used prior to WWII and by whom. | Appeasement is the acceptance of bad actions to avoid bigger conflicts. France and Great Britain appeased Germany because they didn’t want to start another war. |
| When did the Cold War end? What event occurred that ended the Cold War? | The Cold War ended around 1990 when the Soviet Union fell and the Berlin Wall came down. |
Created by:
ekbeck
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