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UNIT 5 Berkson
European Middle Ages
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jesus | Was a Palestinian Jew who grew up in Galilee, an important center of the militant Zealot, central figure of Christianity and was a was a potential revolutionary who might transform Jewish expectations of a messianic kingdom into a revolt against Rome |
| Paul | Paul of Tarsus,believed that Jesus's message should be preached not only to Jews but to Gentiles(non-Jews)taught that Jesus was the savior,son of God: come to earth to save all human(all sinners as a result of Adam’s sin of disobedience against God) |
| Fall of Rome* | Corruption, the division of the empire, and invasion by Germanic tribes were the three main causes of the fall of Rome (Mainly the Western Roman Empire). |
| Theodoric | The Ostrogothic king, kept the entire structure of imperial Roman government, although he used separate systems of rule for Romans and Ostrogoth |
| Franks | One of the most prominent German states on the European continent, The establishment of a Frankish kingdom was the work of Clovis |
| Clovis | a member of the Merovingian dynasty who became a Catholic Christian, he helped establish the kingdom of the Franks |
| Wegeld | A fine used by the Germanics. It was compensation paid by a person committing an offense to the injured party or, in case of death, to his family |
| Trial by Ordeal | A criminal trial in which the guilt or innocence of the accused was determined by subjection to dangerous or painful tests (as submersion in water) believed to be under divine control |
| Diocese | Apart of church governance which is the area over which a bishop has control |
| Pope | The title, since about the 9th century, of the bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Monasticism | A religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work (Ex. Monks) |
| Saint Benedict | Founded a monastic house for which he wrote a set of rules, established the basic form of monastic life in the western Christian church |
| Abbot | Someone in the Benedictine monastery that strictly ruled all monks |
| Nuns | A nun is a woman who vows to dedicate her life to religious service and contemplation, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience in the enclosure of a monastery (Female form of a monk) |
| Charlemagne | Charles the Great, was King of Franks, King of Lombards, and Emperor, empire covered much of western+central Europe;not until the 19th century would an empire of its size be seen again,established the missi dominici, Chrisitian ruler of Europe. |
| Missi Dominici | Two men who were sent out to local districts to ensure that the counts were executing the king’s wishes |
| Carolingian | Relating to the Frankish dynasty, founded by Charlemagne's father |
| Vikings | They were Northmen or Norsemen of Scandinavia, they were adventurous warriors that created the bes boat of their time |
| Feudalism | The king owned all the land, he would give fiefs(land) as gifts to nobles, they would enter an agreement with a vassal. They allowed peasants to live+work on land, they would be protected from violence. Serfs had to pay taxes+work without pay |
| Lord | A noble who held land |
| Vassal | A person granted possession of the land by the lord |
| Fief | Was a piece of land held from the lord by a vassal in return for military service |
| Knight | A man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor |
| Subinfeudation | The vassals of a king, who were themselves great lords, might also have vassals who would owe them military service in return for a grant of land taken from their estates |
| Manorialism | A system of economic, social, and political organization based on the medieval manor (A manor was an agricultural estate operated by a lord and worked by peasants) |
| Self | An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on their lord's estate |
| Demesne | The land retained by the lord, which might consist of one-third to one-half of the cultivated lands scattered throughout the manor |
| High Middle Ages | A system of land cultivation under which the common land is divided into three parts of which one or two in rotation lie fallow in each year and the rest are cultivated |
| Three-field System | A poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation |
| Peasants | Represented a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold |
| Chivalry | The highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices |
| Aristocracy | The action of buying and selling goods and services |
| Trade* | An economic system in which people invested in trade and goods in order to make profits, helped revive the economy and trade |
| Commercial Capitalism | The process of making an area more urban, as towns grew, merchants gained in importance |
| Urbanization | Associations of craftsmen and merchants formed to promote the economic interests of their members as well as to provide protection and mutual aid |
| Bourgeois | Lords wanted to treat townspeople as they would vassals and serfs but cities had diff. Perspectives. They needed mobility to trade. Merchants and artisans(burghers or bourgeois)needed their own laws and were willing to pay for them. |
| Commune | townspeople swore on oath when they had difficulty getting privileges; formed association that resorted force against their lay or ecclesiastical lords, northern italy,11th century: took over the rights of the gov, self ruled offices |
| Guilds | an association of people w common interests + concerns, especially people working in the same craft. in medieval europe, guilds came to control much of the production process and to restrict entry into various trades |
| Pope Innocent Ill | most important pope in the medieval period, launched the crusade |
| Lay Investiture | Lay investiture was the practice by which secular rulers both chose nominees to church offices and invested them with (bestowed on them) the symbols of their office |
| Pope Urban II | former pope, preached the crusade |
| Peter the Hermit | Led the Peasants Crusades |
| Peasants Crusade | beginning phase of the crusades |
| Crusades | a series of military expeditions launched by christian europe against people of the near east to take back the holy land |
Created by:
amritak101
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