Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
APHG Unit 5 Terms
Terms that are essential to the Unit 5 test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agribusiness | The set of economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purposes. |
| Agricultural Hearths | The "birthplace" of a crop, or where a crop is known to have originated before its spread throughout the world. |
| Agriculture | The raising of animals or the growing of crops on the tended land to obtain food for primary consumption by a farmer's family or for sale off the farm |
| Biotechnology | A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes. |
| Cereal Grains | A grass yielding grain for food. Example: Oats, Wheat, Rye, and Barley. |
| The Columbian Exchange | the term given to the transfer of plants, animals, disease, and technology between the Old World from which Columbus came and the New World which he found |
| Commercial Agriculture | A form of agriculture undertaken in order to generate products for sale off of the farm in order to make a profit. |
| Desertification | the process by which previously fertile lands become arid and unusable for farming |
| Dispersed Settlement Pattern | settlements where farmers are living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers. |
| Enclosure | the act of enclosing something inside something else |
| Erosion | condition in which the earth's surface is worn away by the action of water and wind |
| Extensive Agriculture | An agricultural system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit land area. |
| Extensive substinance agriculture | consists of any agricultural economy in which the crops and/or animals are used nearly exclusively for local or family consumption on large areas of land and minimal labor input per acre |
| Green Revolution | the introduction of pesticides and high-yield grains and better management during the 1960s and 1970s which greatly increased agricultural productivity |
| Horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. |
| Industrial Agriculture | a form of agriculture that is capital-intensive, substituting machinery and purchased inputs for human and animal labor |
| Intensive Agriculture | A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. |
| Intensive Subsitence agriculture | A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. |
| irrigation | a man-made system whereby water is spread from its natural source (such as a lake or river) iver a much larger geographic range to aid in agricultural production |
| job specialization | Pursuing a partivular line or study of work |
| labor intensive agriculture | Type of agriculture that requires large levels of manual labour to be succesful |
| long-lot survey system | Zag stem implemented in Quebec Louisiana, Texas or areas of French influence, that divide land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers roads canals. |
| mediterranean agriculture | Form of agriculture practiced in Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops are grown |
| Mercantilism | A protectionist policy of European stated and promotion of commercialism during the 16 and 18 centuries; private companies, with support of the government, carried out trade. |
| Metes and Bounds | Survey system where natural features are used to mark irregular parcels of land. |
| Milkshed | The area around a city from which milk can be supplied without spoiling |
| Neolithic Revolution | the transition of human society from wandering hunter-gatherer societies into settled agricultural communities |
| Nomadism | a lifestyle in which a community has no fixed or permanent settlement |
| Nucleated Settlement Pattern | Villages located quite close together with relatively small surrounding fields(intensive land use) |
| organic agriculture | farming without the use of biotechnology |
| Pampas | Fertile South American lowland located primarily throughout Argentina and Uruguay |
| Pastoral Nomadism | a way of life of peoples who do not live continually in the same place but move cyclically or periodically |
| Patriarchal System | System in which males hold most of the power |
| Plantation Farming | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to an MDC. |
| Post-industrial societies | Societies that have gone through industrialization and, as a result, most people now work in the service ( tertiary ) sector. |
| Primary Sector | extracts or harvests products from the Earth. The primary includes the production of raw material and basic foods. Activities such as agriculture, mining, forestry, farming , grazing, quarrying etc. |
| Primogeniture | An exclude right of inheritance belonging to the eldest son. |
| Quaternary Sector | Includes service jobs concerned with research& development , management & administration, and processing& desseminating information; often considered a subset of the tertiary sector. |
| Rectangular survey system | Survey system used by the U. S. Government in which section lines were drawn in grids, often without reference to the terrain, that determined where people settled. |
| Second Agricultural Revolution | Began in Western Europe in the 1600's, intensified agriculture by promoting higher yields per acre&per farmer |
| Secondary Sector | manufactures finished goods. All of manufacturing, processing, and working and smelting automobile production, textile production, chemical and engineering industries, aerospace manufacturing, energy utilities, engineering, breweries and bottlers, constru |
| Seed Agriculture | reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that result from sexual fertilization. |
| Seed Drill | An instrument used to sow seeds( position them in the soil) and then cover them; Jethro Tull's seed drill was an important element of the 2nd agricultural revolution |
| Shifting Cultivation (Swidden Agriculture) | the practice of farming by clearing land for farming by slashing vegetation and burning debris |
| Subsistence Agriculture | the production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer and mostly found in less developed countries. |
| Sustainable Agriculture | Methods that preserve long term productivity of land& minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides |
| Tertiary Sector | Service industry: retail, distribution etc. provides service to the general public. |
| Third Agricultural Revolution | Currently in progress; mainly identified as the development of GMOs, increased use of pesticides and fertilizers, and food manufacturing. |
| Truck Farming | Commercial gardening and fruit farming; so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering |
| Vegetative Planting | Reproduction of plants from cloning of other plants |
| Von Thunen's Model | A model that says commercial farmer initially considers which crops to cultivate and or animals to raise based on market location |
| Wet (Lowland) Rice | Rice planted on dry land in a nursery then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth |
Created by:
AniyahF
Popular AP Human Geography sets