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UNIT 1 Berkson

Early Humans and the First Civilizations

TermDefinition
Neolithic Revolution D: the development of agriculture(planting food crops + domesticating farm animals) instead of hunting + gathering S: gained a regular food supply, raised environmental control and population, life settled in communities
River Valley Civilizations D: early, complex societies that developed near rivers. they relied on the fertile soil for agriculture + more S: foundation for organized human societies, contributions to agriculture, written language + centralized governing
Sumer D: creators of the 1st mesopotamian civilization, independent cities, adored their gods, primarily an agricultural economy S: advanced city states, ziggurat(stepped tower dedicated to chief gods temples), cuneiform + early forms of government
Fertile Crescent D: sumer and mesopotamia were located here because there was fertile soil and it was near bodies of water S: It helped in the development of agriculture in early civilizations
Code of Hammurabi D: code of 282 laws, carved onto a stone tablet S: 1st code of law created, laws about marriage + family, punishments varied by social class and gender
Cuneiform D + S: 1st written language
Indo Europeans D + S: group of people that spoke early languages such as semitic, greek, persian and sanskrit
Hebrews D + S: 1st monotheistic people who migrated to egypt due to drought in canaan, enslaved by pharaohs until they were freed by moses. wandered the deserts until they created their own civil. of isreal
Abraham D: first prophet that believed in god S: believed to be ancestor of all hebrews
Moses D: prophet S: he let the hebrews out into the desert
Monotheism D: believing in only 1 god
David D: king of the Judah tribe S: defeated the philistines and got control of canaan, reunited the israelites
Solomon D: son of David S: strengthened royal power, extended political/military/trade after his death tensions rise and 2 separate tribes rose: israel and Judah
Jerusalem D + S: holy city, where jesus was born and it was important to judaism, christianity and islam
Torah D: Old testament S: religious book of the hebrews,
Babylon D: a large group of semitic speaking semi-nomads S: old babylonians were the first people to have the code of law as they were ruled over by hammurabi
Assyrians D: mesopotamian civilization S: destroyed samaria, the capital of israel, deported the hebrews
Persia D + S: they destroyed the chaldean kingdom and allowed the judah to return to jerusalem to rebuild their own city again. they were in control of the judah's until alexander the great.
Cyrus the Great D + S: very tolerant of the religions + cultures of the people he conquered due to political reasons
Darius D + S: he's Cyrus's successor, he established the world's largest empire during his time
Zoroastrianism D + S: worship of fire, ancient persian religion, founder is zoroaster,
Created by: amritak101
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